Quantum-Geometry Dynamics An Axiomatic Approach to Physics by Daniel L. Burnstein © 2010-2021 Table of Contents Hilbert’s 6th problem ...................................................................................................... 1 Two Ways to do Science ................................................................................................ 3 The Axiomatic Approach ................................................................................................ 4 About the Source of Incompatibilities between Theories .............................................. 4 Internal Consistency and Validity of a Theory .............................................................. 6 QGD’s Axiom Set ............................................................................................................... 7 Principle of Strict Causality: ...................................................................................... 9 Fundamentality and the Conservation Law .............................................................. 9 Quantum-Geometrical Space ........................................................................................... 10 The Nature of Space ..................................................................................................... 10 Theorem on the Emergence of Euclidian Space from Quantum-Geometrical Space ................................................................................................................................... 14 Application of the Theorem of Emergent Space .......................................................... 15 Interactions between Preons(-) ...................................................................................... 15 Properties of Preons(-) ................................................................................................... 16 Emerging Space and the Notion of Dimensions .......................................................... 16 Conservation of Space ................................................................................................... 17 The Concept of Time ........................................................................................................ 19 The Quantum-Geometrical Nature of Matter ................................................................. 20 Preon(+)| Preon(+) pairs ................................................................................................ 20 Propagation ................................................................................................................... 21 Interaction ..................................................................................................................... 21 Mass, Energy, Momentum of Particles and Structures ............................................... 21 Mass .......................................................................................................................... 21 Energy ...................................................................................................................... 22 Momentum ............................................................................................................... 22 Velocity ..................................................................................................................... 23 i Heat, Temperature and Entropy .............................................................................. 23 Application to Exothermic Reactions within a System ............................................... 24 The Velocity of Light and Preons+ .......................................................................... 26 Time Distance Equivalence ...................................................................................... 26 Physical Interpretation of the Equal Sign in Equations .......................................... 27 The Relation between Objects and Scales ............................................................... 29 Forces, Interactions and Laws of Motion ........................................................................ 30 Gravitational Interactions and Momentum ................................................................. 30 Gravitational Dynamics ................................................................................................ 31 Derivation of Newton’s Law of Gravity ....................................................................... 31 The Fundamental Momentum and Gravity ............................................................ 32 Gravity between Particles and Structures ............................................................... 33 Derivation of the Weak Equivalence Principle ....................................................... 35 Comparison between the Newtonian and QGD Gravitational Accelerations ........ 37 Non-Gravitational Interactions and Momentum......................................................... 38 Application to Celestial Mechanics .......................................................................... 39 Transfer and Conservation of Momentum .............................................................. 43 Electromagnetic Effects ................................................................................................ 48 The Electromagnetic Effects of Attraction of Repulsion ........................................ 49 Preonics (foundation of optics) ......................................................................................... 56 Reflection of Light ........................................................................................................ 56 Refraction of Light ........................................................................................................ 57 Diffraction of Light ....................................................................................................... 59 Fringe Patterns from Double-slit Experiments ........................................................... 60 Single Slit Experiment ............................................................................................. 61 Double-Slit Experiments .......................................................................................... 61 QGD at Short Distances .................................................................................................. 64 The Gravitational Effect at Very Small Distances ...................................................... 64 Electromagnetic Interactions between Nucleons ........................................................ 65 ii Nuclear Interactions and the Law and Momentum ..................................................... 66 Principle of Strict Causality and Equilibrium ................................................................. 68 QGD Interpretations of Redshift Effects ......................................................................... 69 Intrinsic Redshift .......................................................................................................... 69 Predictions for Relative Gravitational Redshift........................................................... 70 What the Redshift Tells Us .......................................................................................... 71 Mapping the Universe .................................................................................................. 74 Distances and Intrinsic Luminosities of 1a Supernovas .............................................. 75 Derivation of the Intrinsic Velocity of Earth from Type 1a Supernovas ................ 75 Derivations of Predictions of Special and General Relativity ......................................... 76 Constancy of the Speed of Light ................................................................................... 76 Why nothing can move faster than the speed of light ................................................. 76 The Relation between Speed and the Rates of Clocks ................................................. 76 The Relation between Gravity and the Rates of Clocks .............................................. 79 Predictions ................................................................................................................ 79 Bending of light ........................................................................................................ 80 Precession of the Perihelion of Mercury .................................................................. 81 About the Relation Between Mass and Energy ....................................................... 84 Implications .............................................................................................................. 85 Other Consequences of QGD’s Gravitational Interaction Equation .............................. 87 Dark Photons and the CMBR ...................................................................................... 87 Effect Attributed to Dark Matter ................................................................................. 87 Effect Attributed to Dark Energy ................................................................................ 88 Einstein’s Equivalence Principle .................................................................................. 89 Weightlessness in Einstein’s thought Experiment ................................................. 92 Gravitational Waves ........................................................................................................ 94 Locality, Certainty and Simultaneity ..............................................................................