The Early Middle Ages The Baptism of Clovis ca 1500 French, Artist Unknown Do Now • How might laws be different if they were based on settling personal feuds rather than on protecting society as a whole? Learning Targets and Intentions of the Lesson • Students Will Be Able to: 1. KNOW the events and circumstances that created a power vacuum caused by the fall of the Roman Empire. 2. UNDERSTAND and explain the significance of Charlemagne on the political and social systems of Europe. 3. List and describe the cause and effects of the Crusades on the power structure of Europe (SKILL). The Fall of Rome in the West The “Dark Ages” • Roman Empire – Roman Peace – Latin – Christianity (Later Empire) • Germanic Invasions • Collapse of the Western Empire – Warfare – Loss of the common tongue – Ruralization – Isolation from advanced civilizations of China, India & Middle East • Fall of Rome to the Renaissance (500AD – 1500AD) = “Medieval” (Middle Ages) Germanic Tribes • Germanic tribes fill the power vacuum – Goths, Vandals, Saxons & Franks • Between 400 – 700AD Europe was carved up – Germanic/Frankish Kingdoms • Frankish/Germanic Culture – Rural (Farmer/Herders) – Illiterate (Custom vs. Law) (Oral Tradition vs. Literature) = The Decline of Learning & Loss of Classical Knowledge – Warriors Kings elected by warrior who swear loyalty in exchange for weapons, leadership, shares of plunder Rise of The Germanic Kingdoms Invasions of Germanic tribes cause the fall of the Roman Empire in the West. Without centralized authority there is political chaos & violent assertion of local authority. Rise of The Germanic Kingdoms Invasions of Western Germanic Europe tribes cause the fragments into fall of the petty Roman Empire Kingdoms. in the West. Without Medieval centralized Europe is a authority there patchwork of is political small polities chaos & violent struggling for assertion of survival and/or local authority. dominance Rise of The Germanic Kingdoms Invasions of Western Frankish Kings Germanic Europe convert to tribes cause the fragments into Christianity. fall of the petty Roman Empire Kingdoms. in the West. Without Medieval centralized Europe is a authority there patchwork of Christianity is is political small polities at the heart of chaos & violent struggling for virtually every assertion of survival and/or aspect of local authority. dominance medieval life. Rise of The Germanic Kingdoms Invasions of Western Frankish Kings Charlemagne Germanic Europe convert to unites Frankish tribes cause the fragments into Christianity. Kingdoms into fall of the petty an Empire Roman Empire Kingdoms. in the West. Without There will be a Medieval centralized power struggle Europe is a authority there between later patchwork of Christianity is is political kings trying to small polities at the heart of chaos & violent emulate struggling for virtually every assertion of Charlemagne & survival and/or aspect of local authority. the Church. dominance medieval life. King Clovis I • 486AD Clovis & the Franks conquered Gaul • Converted to Christianity – Allies “France” with the Pope & Christian Church – Access to church organization • Founder of the Merovingian Dynasty – the founder of France The Baptism of Clovis, Remy France Merovingians & Carolingians • Merovingian France – Charles Martel & the Battle of Tours (732) – Pepin the Short defeats the Lombards in Italy • The Pope names Pepin King “By the Grace of God” • Founder of the Carolingian Dynasty • Charlemagne (aka Charles the Great) comes to power ca. 771 Charles Martel & The Battle of Tours ca 732 Franks v. Muslims West-Central France Islamic conquest of Spain Franks & the Francisca -8th century invasion of the Aquitaine. Abd ar-Rahman’s - defeated by Charles Martel’s Franks between Tours & Poitiers. RESULT: Islamic Expansion into Europe Checked. Moorish Cavalry Charlemagne • Establishes the largest European empire since Rome. – France, Germany, Italy, Spain • 800 Rescues Pope Leo III in Rome – Crowned HRE – Successor to the Roman Emperors – The idea of “Christendom” • Government & Culture – Royal Agents Missi Dominici – Revival of Learning • Literacy • Patron of Monasteries (Scriptorium) • Capital at Aachen • Succeeded by his son Louis the Pious – Empire split between Charlemagne's grandsons Charles the Bald, Lothair & Louis the German The Crown of Charlemagne HRE A PORTRAIT OF CHARLEMAGNE PRIMARY SOURCE ACTIVITY 20 Minute timed activity Class-Read A Personal Portrait of Charlemagne and then on a separate sheet of paper complete 1-4 of “Questions to Think About” THE CRUSADES A Quest for the Holy Land Crusades • A long series or Wars between Christians and Muslims • They fought over control of Jerusalem which was called the Holy Land because it was the region where Jesus had lived, preached and died Causes of the Crusades Muslim Turks captured Jerusalem from the Byzantine Empire Muslims stopped Byzantine Empire Christian pilgrims Christians from feared attack on were attacked Visiting Holy Land Constantinople The Call to Arms • Pope Urban II called for the defeat of the Turks, returning the Holy Land to the Christians Who Answered the Call? •Feudal Lords •Knights •Peasants The First Crusade (1096-1099) • Peasant army – Untrained – Lacked military equipment – Many killed by Muslim Turks • Knights – Succeeded in capturing Jerusalem Second Crusade (1147-1149) • After victory many Christians went back home. • The Turks eventually took back much of the territory. • King of France and Emperor of Germany sent troops to stop the Turks. Second Crusade (1147-1149) • Saladin leads the Muslim Turks to victory, defeating the Christians • * He was considered a very wise ruler. He was known for his sometimes kind treatment of fallen enemies. Many Christians saw him as a model of knightly chivalry. Third Crusade (1189-1192) • King Richard of England convinces the Turks to allow Christians to visit the Holy Land Crusades Continue Through 1200’s • Several more crusades attempted with no victories for the Christians • Children’s crusade, - 30,000 soldiers - many of them under 12 years old – Never made it to the Holy Land Results of the Crusades • I.F. Turks Traveled they would Trade • I = Improvements – Ships, Maps, Explorers • F = Feudalism declines because Feudal lords die or spend too much money on military. • T = Turks still rule the Holy Land • T = Travel – Europeans want to travel more • T = Trade – Europeans want product from the East such as sugar, cotton, silk, spices, etc. The Crusades Guided Reading Activity Use the Post-It Note strategy to read and annotate the key points of the reading. Then on a separate sheet of paper answer questions 1-6 The Crusades: A 7 minute Clip • http://172.26.64.6/SAFARI/montage/play.p hp?keyindex=2834&location=local&chapte rskeyindex=2003&keyconceptskeyindex=5 485&play=1 • 2c767.