Annals of Library and Information Studies Vol. 62, December 2015, pp. 249-254 Web CC: An effort towards its revival Parveen Babbar Deputy Librarian, Central Library, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, Email: [email protected] Colon Classification (CC), based on dynamic theory of classification saw seven editions from 1928 to 1987. Libraries practising it continued with extensions and additions carried out to meet their needs since it was not revised for long after the 7th edition. Revision requires adding terms in different disciplines, organising them in relation to each other and assigning notation for shelf classification. Use of ICT would help in reviving CC and is essential for regular revision of a classification scheme. The paper explores the possibility for creation of an expert system through the design of Web based Colon Classification. The author explores the possibility by designing a prototype for online revision of Colon Classification in the paper. Keywords: Colon Classification; Expert system; Web CC Introduction programs based on artificial intelligence with a given Colon Classification (CC) is one of the important theory and set methods. contributions of Ranganathan. Eric de Grolier praising The basic idea behind any expert system is to the CC observed that Colon Classification has been capture proficiency and expertise in a given the last new general classification system of application domain and then present it in a flexible international significance to have seen the light of and modular fashion for implementation and end- day. It is the first ‘multidimensional’ bibliographic users convenience. It is based on rule-based systems 3. classification which has ever been conceived 1. CC is a The components of the prototype expert system freely faceted analytico synthetic scheme based on designed for the web colon classification system is dynamic theory of classification revised as seven given in Fig. 1. The expert system on CC will have editions from 1928 to 1987. Since it was not revised the CC database and the postulates, principles, rules for a long time, some libraries continued by adding and devices, along with the algorithm for number extensions to meet their needs. But most shifted to building as the eight steps given in CC at the back other schemes particularly DDC which remains end. The user interface will allow the user/ classifier popular due to regular revisions and updations. Thus, to interact with the system to build class numbers CC has almost become extinct from libraries. Now it using the system. is even being removed from curricula of LIS schools Expert systems of cataloguing too. There was a time when students used to The expert colon classification system once contribute schedules for the Scheme. developed will help in providing the regular updates Revision of any classification scheme requires with the new classes, new subjects, latest adding terms from different disciplines, organising developments in the subjects, new built numbers and them in relation to each other and assigning notation additional indexes accordingly. This will also provide for shelf classification. This paper attempts to argue an easy to search and navigate platform, and a simple that use of ICT would help in reviving CC and is a interface for the users. The platform will be suitable must for regular revision of a classification scheme for the novice as well as the expert classifiers of and explores the possibility of creating an expert Colon Classification. This system once in place will system through the design of a prototype of Web 2 further also help in mapping and regular updation the based Colon Classification . Colon Classification with the subjects presently not Expert system given. An expert system focuses on the development of The expert system in Colon Classification once computer systems to simulate the processes of developed will be a cataloguing tool for not only solving the problems and duplicating the human libraries but will help in many other expert systems brain functions. Expert systems (ES) are type of developed in other fields for the classification. 250 ANN. LIB. INF. STU.; DECEMBER 2015 Fig. 1—Components of an expert system on Web CC For libraries it will help in eliminating the repetitive • The index can be linked to the chosen subject work of classification and reduce the burden of heading list at later stages to enhance the librarians. approach of Colon Classification. The system can be generated with the utilization of • Broader and narrower Class number will be modern computer programs of expert systems, written available as per the user requirement. and developed in contemporary computer languages • The window will provide Connecting Symbols and RAD computer environments, as user friendly including Starter, Arrester, Substantives, Octavising programs. This will further use database of Colon Digits, and Significant Digits with simple buttons Classification, some latest tools and parameters of to add them at appropriate positions. knowledge base. The expert system will have a • The links and hyperlinks to schedules of management module which will realize the forward, classification and annexure will be available for backwards and mixed inference process, as well as the convenient access to related summary. 4 main hypothesis falsification process . • Displays screens with the Main Classes with the digits representing them with the schedule Web based expert system of Colon Classification can help the users with the following features: Steps of Web Based Classification through Web • The user of Web Based Expert System will be able Colon Classification: to search Colon Classification with the Main classes, Common Isolates, Time isolate, Space The steps of Classifying through the Web based Isolate, Language Isolate and Phase and Intra Colon Classification will be similar to the Rule 0261 Phase Relation. Search functionality will also of Colon Classification to classify the documents in include limiting by index, combined-term searches the steps of succession. These include: by using Boolean operators, proximity searches, • Step 0- Raw Title (= Keying the raw title as given truncation, and wildcard character masking. in the document in the Text Box given in the • The Classes and Isolates can be browsable platform) through the sequential indexes of Colon • Step-1- Full Title (= Keying in the title expressing Classification and the Index. each of the relevant basic and isolate ides in the BABBAR: WEB CC: AN EFFORT TOWARDS ITS REVIVAL 251 subject of the document, got by filling up all the numbers for Language, Form, Year, Accession ellipses in the Raw Title) number of the Book, Volume Number of the book, • Step-2- Kernel Title (= Auto filtering of title by Supplement Number, Copy Number, Criticism the web system, i.e. title minus all the auxiliary or Number and Criticism Number in the accession part if apparatus words and which each composite term any. The Web base sheet will be filled by Classifier denoting a composite idea replaced by the with above fields to form the Book Number. fundamental constituent terms denoting its Similarly, the Web system will ask for filling the fundamental constituents ideas.) Collection fields for the formation of Appropriate • Step-3- Analysed Title (=Auto conversion of Collection Number. Kernel term with each kernel term marked by a The system will be flexible enough to add the symbol, denoting the fundamental category of devices given below to form or sharpen the Focus in which the idea denoted by the term is a any facet: manifestation and also the round and the level to • Chronological Device which it is assigned in conformity to the • Geographical Device Postulates of Classification). • Subject Device • Step-4- Transformed Title (=Analytical title with • Mnemonic Device the kernel terms re-arranged according to the • Alphabetic Device and symbols of analysis attached to them) • Superimposition Device • Step-5- Title of Standard Terms- (=Auto Further, the web based system will also have index replication of transformed title with the kernel to the schedules and schedules of Classics and Sacred terms by respective equivalents in the schedule) books with their Special Names as given in Part-3 of • Step-6- Title in Facet Numbers- (=Auto replication Colon Classification. of titles in Standard Terms with the kernel terms replaced by their equivalent numbers). Colon Classification in expert systems • Step-7- Class Number- (Auto removal of symbols S R Ranganathan mentioned in Chapter 1 of Colon of analysis ad inserting appropriate Connecting Classification Edition 6 that Main Class of a subject Symbols between the facet numbers) will have to be determined by the Method of Trail and • Step-8 Translation - (System providing the Error and the procedures to be followed have to re-translation of synthesised class number in to 5 elaborated, described and illustrated in the natural language for verification) 5 Fundamentals . Classification requires the flair, i.e. a Design of Web Based Colon Classification specific subject is to be determined from the title, The design of web based Colon Classification will subtitle, preface, table of contents, or even by reading be as per the Part-2 of CC i.e. Schedule of Colon the text. So, to complete this process in the expert Classification where the Home page will be the Main system, the raw title will be augmented by keywords Class which will be further enumerated by each or phrases additionally to fully indicate the subject Classes i.e. z, 1,2,3,4, A, AZ, B, BZ, C, D, E, F, G, H, of the document 6. However the principles of the HX, I, J, K, KX, L, LX, M, ∆, MZ, MZA, N, NX, O, expert system of web based colon classification will P, Q, R, S, Σ, T, U, V, W, X, Y, YX, Z having remain same. Canonical Divisions and Foci in PMEST. The expert online system that is being developed After the Main Classes, one can add to the number: by the author is in .NET using the C# programming • Common Isolate with Anteriorising and Posteriorsing language and SQL Database.