SSRG International Journal of Applied Chemistry (SSRG-IJAC) – Volume 6 Issue 3 – Sep - Dec 2019 Hydrochemical conditions of water bodies of the Zhaiyk-Caspian Basin Tulemisova G.B.1, Amangosova A.G.2, Abdinov R.Sh.3, Oralova. A.K.4 1'2'3'4'- Kh. Dosmukhamedov Atyrau state university, Atyrau, Kazakhstan Abstract of commercial stocks of sturgeons in the Caspian Objective: To evaluate toxicity levels of the Sea. Over the past 10 years fish catches have water, bottom sediments and aquatic life in the Ural, decreased by 10-fold in the Ural-Caspian basin. Kigach Rivers and North-Eastern Caspian Sea. The The areas for exploration and development stages and tasks are as follows: of hydrocarbons in the North-Eastern Caspian Sea The ecological state of the Ural River is an coincide with the areas for feeding and migration of important component of the hydrochemical regime of sturgeons and other commercially valuable fish, the the Zhaiyk-Caspian basin water bodies. The Ural and concentration of foraging planktonic and benthic Kigach transboundary are prone to pollution from organisms. The large-scale development of oil and various territories in the upper and middle currents. gas fields in the North-Eastern Caspian Sea is This in turn has an impact, although not a significant associated with environmental risk, as the most one, on the state of the Northeast Caspian. Research intensive bio-production processes occur in the conducted by us during winter, flood, post-flood peripheral (coastal and shelf) zones where the main periods and in the fall, showed a constant source of biomass of marine flora and fauna are pollution in the water body, which increases during concentrated[2]. The deterioration of the quality of the flood period. In order to detect the source of the water condition due to external natural and pollution in the Ural River, water was taken from the anthropogenic factors and the continuing unstable territory where the reservoir flows from the state of marine biota, the technogenic load will tributaries flowing into the Chagan River, Ilek River inevitably lead to ecosystem degradation and to the flood. Our studies have shown that the irreparable damage of the biota of the North-Eastern composition of water in the tributaries of the Ural Caspian Sea. Study of chemical composition of River - the river Ilek within the Aktobe region is very seawater and marine sediments is fundamental in different. So, at the mouth of the Ilek river, there were solving the problems involving transformation and high rates of nitrites of 4.5 MPC, of permanganate integrated use of water bodies. Transitionalrunoff oxidability of 6.08 mg / dm3, and of an oil content of within the upper and middle reaches of the river also 1.9 MPC. contribute to pollution. Along with hydrocarbons, heavy metals are significant environmental Keywords pollutantsof the North-Eastern Caspian Sea - Zhaiyk-Caspian basin, the Ural river, the products of both natural origin (dissolved and Kigach river, the North-eastern Caspian sea, sedimentary forms) and components of industrial toxicants, petroleum products, sturgeons runoff. Therefore, the problem of obtaining I. INTRODUCTION information both on pollution levels and the Environmental problems in the third largest biological hazard of pollutants is becoming river in Europe, the Ural River Basin have remained increasingly important for forecasting and addressing extremely tense. Meanwhile, there are 70 cities and possible dangerous consequences of chemical settlements with a total population of about 4.5 M pollution. For that reason, biological studies of the people. The largest tributaries are the Or, Sakmara, effects of pollutants on humans and animals have Ilek, Chagan Rivers. Below the Uralsk, there is no played an important rolein the overall set of studies lateral inflow. The reduced river flow were due to related to the ever-increasing environmental national water supplies and evaporation of the pollutants [3], [4]. extensive floodplain. The river flow is formed at the top of the basin, mainly within the boundaries of II. MATERIALS & METHODS Russian Federation [1]. Preserving fish diversity in the Caspian Sea During the current year, study was carried basin are one of the most pertinent issues: the out based on the R & D Schedule on six relatively commercially valuable fish catches has been steadily isolated water bodies of the Ural-Caspian Basin: Ural decreasing, the low-value ichthyofauna has not been River, its estuary, tributaries of Ilek and Chagan developed, the quality of fish populations has been River, the North-Eastern Caspian Sea, the Kigach decreasing, that suggest a violation of their genetic River and its estuary. pattern. There are troubling trends in the current state Collection of samples to assess ISSN: 2393 - 9133 www.internationaljournalssrg.org Page 6 SSRG International Journal of Applied Chemistry (SSRG-IJAC) – Volume 6 Issue 3 – Sep - Dec 2019 hydrochemistry and toxicology was conducted within The report presents the study materials for expedition flights at 7 permanent observation the spring, summer and autumn periods of the current stations: the Ural and Kigach Rivers and their year and summarizes separate materials for long-term seashores. observations. The hydrochemical conditions of the Toxicology studies were conducted in Ural River in winter were estimated based on spring, summer and autumn 2017. Water/sediment observations. Hydrochemical analysis included the samples for the analysis of heavy metal, petroleum following complex of parameters: pH, ORP, oxygen product content were collected at 21 stations, so the 7 concentration, nitrite nitrogen content in water, stations are located at the Ural River Delta, 3 stations permanganate oxidizability, alkalinity, BOD5, water - at the Kigach River (eastern arms of the Volga hardness, salinity, electrical conductivity, chlorides River Delta). The study of the north-eastern part of and sulfates. Analyses were conducted according to the Caspian Sea was conducted at 5 stations (Table the most recognized hydrochemical methods (ST ISO 1). 9863-1-2008. Water quality. Determination of alkalinity). Table 1 - The amount of collected and processed hydrochemical and toxicity material (sample) Study description Study areas Ural River Ural River seashore Kigach River Chemical analysis of 55 18 7 water Toxicology analysis of 35 18 8 water Bottomsediments 24 18 8 The concentration of oxygen and BOD were Toxicology studies were conducted in the 5 measured based on the dissolved oxygen content by first half of May 2017. Water/sediment samples for an Anion-7051 oxygen meter within 5 days after the analysis of heavy metal, petroleum product and sampling. The specific electrical conductance (SEC) boron content were collected at 15 stations, so the 7 and the content of NaCl ions, i.e. salinity, were also stations are located at the Ural River Delta, 3 stations measured by the Anion-7051 portable fluid analyzer. - at the Kigach River (eastern arms of the Volga The water pH and its oxidation-reduction potential River Delta). The study of the north-eastern part of (ORP) were measured by an Anion-7051 portable the Caspian Sea was conducted at 5 stations. fluid analyzer. Hydrochemical and hydrological studies were conducted in tandem with the expedition on the Bala Oraz ship. III. RESULT & DISCUSSION Ordinary fish samples for toxicology analysis were collected at the North Caspian Sea, the Study for the hydrochemical regimes of Volga-Ural inter fluve, the Kigach River. Samples of rivers of the Ural-Caspian basin are important in muscle tissues and individual organs of sturgeons for describing the ecological and toxicological state of analysis of toxic compounds were collected at the the water body. This would be especially relevant to Ural, the Atyrau fish-breeding farm. A total of 36 the characteristics of the water bodies in different water samples were collected and processed for periods of the year. So it can be a useful way to analysis of toxic compounds. identify the nature of pollutants entering into the river Concentrations of petroleum products in basin. Since there are no industrial facilities water and bottom sediments were measured by the discharging to the water body within the Atyrau Fluorate 02-2M by fluorescent method in accordance region and the city of Atyrau, we believe that all with the PND F14.1:2:4.35-95 and PND F 16.1:2:21- these contaminants flowthrough the upper reaches. 98 [5]. Early studies of Russian scientists [6] and Boron concentration was also measured by Kazakhstani researchers [1], [7] studying the upper the Fluorate 02-2M by fluorescent method, without reaches of the Ural River have described such event. sample preservation. Permanganate oxidizability was Table 2 shows the data of the hydro-che- determined according to the method of oxidation of mical regime and the ecological state of the Ural organic compounds with potassium permanganate in River water and drinking water in various seasons an acid medium. ISSN: 2393 - 9133 www.internationaljournalssrg.org Page 7 SSRG International Journal of Applied Chemistry (SSRG-IJAC) – Volume 6 Issue 3 – Sep - Dec 2019 Table 2 - Hydrochemical regime data of the Ural River in different periods Indicators рН Alkali Hard- Nitri- ORP, Salini- EC, Perman- Bo- Petroleum level nity, ness, tes, Еh, ty, μS/cm ganate ron, products, mg mg *eq/ mg/ mV NаCI, oxidiza- mg/ mg/dm3 *eq/ dm3 dm3 mg/ bility, dm3 dm3 dm3 mg/dm3 Ural River, 8,1 4,3 7,10 0,20 -0,07 671,0 1357 3,28 0,24 0,0447 January Tap water