TireTire Pile Fires:Fires: Prevention,Prevention, Response,Response, RemediationRemediation Integrated Waste Management Board Prepared by Environmental Engineering & Contracting TIRE PILE FIRES PREVENTION, RESPONSE, REMEDIATION September 23, 2002 Prepared By: Environmental Engineering and Contracting, Inc. 505 Parkcenter Drive Santa Ana California 92705 (714) 667-2300 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................................ iv 1.0 Introduction......................................................................................................................1-1 Section A – History, Legislation, and Enforcement 2.0 Brief History of Tires.......................................................................................................2-1 2.1 History of Vulcanization and Tires...............................................................................2-1 2.1.1 Natural Rubber.....................................................................................................2-1 2.1.2 Synthetic Rubber..................................................................................................2-1 2.1.3 Bias Ply Versus Steel Belt ...................................................................................2-2 2.2 Tire Industry and Background ......................................................................................2-2 2.2.1 Chemical Compounds of Tires – Historic ...........................................................2-2 2.2.2 Chemical Compounds of Tires – Current ............................................................2-2 3.0 Statutes and Enforcement in California ...........................................................................3-1 3.1 Current Statute..............................................................................................................3-1 3.1.1 Collection and Disposal/Reuse ............................................................................3-1 3.1.2 Abatement of Existing Tire Piles.........................................................................3-1 3.1.3 Recycling/Reuse ..................................................................................................3-2 3.1.4 Funding ................................................................................................................3-2 3.2 Current Code and Regulatory Compliance for Storage/Disposal Facilities .................3-2 3.2.1 Federal..................................................................................................................3-2 3.2.2 State......................................................................................................................3-2 3.2.2.1 California Code of Regulations .......................................................................3-2 3.2.2.2 California Public Resources Code ...................................................................3-4 3.2.3 Local ....................................................................................................................3-5 3.3 Enforcement..................................................................................................................3-5 3.3.1 Enforcement Agencies.........................................................................................3-5 3.3.2 Enforcement Mechanisms....................................................................................3-5 Section B – Fire Prevention for Tire Piles 4.0 Prevention by Alternative Use/Marketing .......................................................................4-1 4.1 Tire Recycling/Reuse Markets......................................................................................4-1 4.1.1 Reuse Options......................................................................................................4-1 4.1.2 Energy Options....................................................................................................4-3 4.1.3 Barriers to Reuse/Recycling................................................................................4-3 4.2 Tire Disposal Options ...................................................................................................4-4 5.0 Fire Prevention at Existing Tire Pile Sites.......................................................................5-1 5.1 Permitted Site Characterization and Evaluation ...........................................................5-1 5.1.1 Review and Storage Site Design Requirements...................................................5-2 5.1.2 Site Security and Fire Department Access...........................................................5-2 5.1.3 Water Supply Requirements ................................................................................5-3 5.1.4 Identify Sensitive Receptors in Surrounding Communities.................................5-3 5.2 Unpermitted Site Characterization and Evaluation.......................................................5-4 5.2.1 Identify Tire Pile Locations .................................................................................5-4 i 5.2.2 Identify Responsible Parties ................................................................................5-4 5.3 Site Assessment ............................................................................................................5-4 5.3.1 Assessment and Mapping of Tire Pile Characteristics ........................................5-5 5.3.2 Site Specific Characteristics/Unusual Circumstances .........................................5-5 5.3.3 Topography, Geology, and Climate.....................................................................5-5 5.4 Develop Site Contingency Plan (Pre-incident Planning)..............................................5-6 5.4.1 Resources .............................................................................................................5-6 5.4.2 Topography..........................................................................................................5-6 5.4.3 Notification ..........................................................................................................5-6 5.4.4 Pyrolytic Oil.........................................................................................................5-7 Section C – Tire Fire Response 6.0 Education of Firefighters/Planning..................................................................................6-1 6.1 Education ......................................................................................................................6-1 6.1.1 Training Programs ...............................................................................................6-1 6.1.1.1 Firefighters......................................................................................................6-2 6.1.1.2 Site Operators...................................................................................................6-3 6.1.2 Fire Fighting Techniques .....................................................................................6-3 6.1.2.1 Exposures.........................................................................................................6-4 6.1.2.2 Containment.....................................................................................................6-4 6.1.2.3 Extinguishment ................................................................................................6-4 6.1.3 Health and Environmental Concerns ...................................................................6-6 6.1.4 Non-Standard Firefighting Equipment ................................................................6-6 6.2 Preplanning ...................................................................................................................6-8 6.2.1 Develop Pre-Incident Plan ...................................................................................6-8 6.2.2 Identification of State and Local Emergency Response Teams.........................6-11 6.2.3 Identification of Local and or Regional Response Contractors.........................6-11 6.3 Health and Safety........................................................................................................6-12 6.3.1 Site Safety Plan..................................................................................................6-13 6.3.2 Evaluation of Dangers to Life Safety.................................................................6-13 6.3.3 Threat to Surrounding Communities .................................................................6-14 6.3.4 Recognize Fire as a HAZMAT Response..........................................................6-14 6.3.5 Establishment of HAZMAT Procedures............................................................6-14 6.3.6 Identify Toxic Exposure Hazards ......................................................................6-15 6.3.7 Personal Protective Gear....................................................................................6-15 6.3.8 Establishment of Control Zones.........................................................................6-15 6.3.9 Decontamination Procedures.............................................................................6-16 7.0 Command and Control.....................................................................................................7-1 7.1 Access Fire....................................................................................................................7-1 7.1.1 Burn