Feasibility of Using the Utah Array for Long-Term Fully Implantable Neuroprosthesis Systems by Autumn Bullard A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Biomedical Engineering) in the University of Michigan 2019 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Cynthia A. Chestek, Chair Assistant Professor Joan Greve Associate Professor Parag G. Patil Assistant Research Scientist John Seymour Autumn Bullard [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0453-2261 © Autumn Bullard 2019 Dedication To my grandparents: Conrad Byrd, Viola Byrd, Barbra Bullard, and Edward Bullard. ii Acknowledgements First and foremost, I have to thank God. It is because of Him that any of this has been possible. To my advisor, Cindy Chestek, thank you for seeing something in me back in 2013 and welcoming me to join your lab. You have been an amazing advisor, mentor, and model of a fearless woman in a male dominated field. Your enthusiasm for the science and your genuine care for your students has made it an honor to work under your guidance. Thank you for being patient with me during times when I wasn’t the best student and instilling a great deal of knowledge in me that I can take with me throughout life. I’d like to thank the rest of my committee Parag Patil, Joan Greve, and John Seymour for your help and support through this process, as well as career advice. Joan, although we met towards the end of my time here you have played an integral role in me becoming a more confident student and for that I thank you. I would like to thank all of the past and present members of the Chestek lab. Thank you for all of your help, advice, and friendship. We’ve shared so many memories both in lab and outside of lab. I have learned so much from everyone over the years. I couldn’t have asked for a better group of people to work with every day. I have to give a huge thank you to my family. Mom and Dad, thank you for all the work you put in raising me into the person I am today. You have been an incredible support system for me in everything that I do. To my boyfriend Isiah, thank you for continuing to encourage me when I felt like giving up and staying on me about procrastinating. Your love and support throughout this journey means everything to me. Also thank you to the Overton family for taking me in and being my home away from home. iii Lastly, thank you to my friends, especially those I’ve had the pleasure to meet while here at Michigan. Thank you for your calls, support, encouragement, and inspiration. Grad school has been one of the most difficult things I’ve ever done and you all have made it a time that I will never forget. I would like to especially thank my sisters Aeriel Murphy-Leonard and Ciara Sivels. You two have been my rock and my backbone through this journey. Thank you for being a shoulder to lean on and helping to keep me uplifted. I don’t know how I could have made it through without you both. I can’t thank you enough for the many great memories we’ve made that has made this journey an amazing experience. This experience has been a rollercoaster, but one thing is for certain. I would have not made it without the village of people I have supporting me. I am forever grateful. iv Table of Contents Dedication ....................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ iii List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. viii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. ix Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... x Chapter 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Recent Advances in Motor Restoration through Human Brain Machine Interfaces ............ 1 1.1.1 Human Intracortical Neural Interface Technology ........................................................ 1 1.1.2 Neural Prosthesis ........................................................................................................... 2 1.1.3 Functional Electrical Stimulation .................................................................................. 3 1.2 Clinical Limitations of Implantable Neural Recording Systems .......................................... 4 1.2.1 Design ............................................................................................................................ 5 1.2.2 Safety ............................................................................................................................. 6 1.3 Summary of thesis................................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 2. Design and Testing of a 96-Channel Neural Interface Module for the Networked Neuroprosthesis System .................................................................................................................. 2 2.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................................. 2 2.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Methods............................................................................................................................... 7 2.3.1 Networked Neuroprosthesis System .............................................................................. 7 2.3.2 Cortical Controlled FES System Overview ................................................................... 9 2.3.3 Recording Module Hardware Design .......................................................................... 10 2.3.4 Printed Circuit Board Layout ....................................................................................... 13 2.3.5 Experimental Design and Device Validation ............................................................... 14 2.3.6 Surgical Implantation & Electrophysiology ................................................................ 15 2.3.7 Experimental Setup ...................................................................................................... 17 2.4 Results ................................................................................................................................. 18 2.4.1 Device Validation ........................................................................................................ 18 v 2.4.2 Spiking Band Power Validation................................................................................... 21 2.4.3 Power Consumption ..................................................................................................... 24 2.5 Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 26 2.6 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 28 Chapter 3. Estimating Risk for Future Intracranial Neuroprosthetic Devices: A systematic review of hardware complications in clinical deep brain stimulation and experimental human intracortical arrays ........................................................................................................................ 30 3.1 Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 30 3.2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 31 3.3 Methods............................................................................................................................... 35 3.3.1 Search Strategy ............................................................................................................ 35 3.3.2 Study Selection ............................................................................................................ 37 3.3.3 Data Extraction ............................................................................................................ 37 3.4 Results ................................................................................................................................. 38 3.4.1 DBS Search Results and Study Characteristics ........................................................... 38 3.4.2 Hemorrhage.................................................................................................................. 43 3.4.3 Infection ....................................................................................................................... 43 3.4.4 Skin Erosion ................................................................................................................. 44 3.4.5 Other Hardware Failures .............................................................................................. 45 3.4.6 Utah Array Search Results and Study Characteristics ................................................. 45 3.5 Discussion ..........................................................................................................................