1 2 TROND ANDERSEN & RALPH W. HOLZENTHAL 1Museum of Zoology, University of Bergen, Norway 2Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, U.S.A. WEST AFRICAN TRIAENODES MCLACHLAN (TRICHOPTERA: LEPTOCERIDAE). 2. SUBGENUS TRIAENODES SENSU STRICTO Andersen, T. & R. W. Holzenthal, 2002. West African Triaenodes McLachlan (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). 2. Subgenus Triaenodes sensu stricto. – Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 145: 61- 88, figs. 1-62, table 1. [ISSN 0040-7496]. Published 1 June 2002. Seven new Triaenodes McLachlan species belonging to subgenus Triaenodes sensu stricto, T. akua sp. n., T. kofi sp. n., T. kwabena sp. n., T. kwaku sp. n., T. kwame sp. n., T. kwasi sp. n., and T. yaw sp. n., are described and figured based on males collected in Ghana. Adult males of the sev- en previously described species recorded from West Africa, T. africanus Ulmer, T. darfuricus Mosely, T. elegantulus Ulmer, T. imakus Gibbs, T. scottae Gibon, T. tofanus Gibbs, and T. troubati Gibon are redescribed and figured. A key to the males of the West African species of Tri- aenodes sensu stricto is provided. Correspondence: T. Andersen, Museum of Zoology, University of Bergen, Muséplass 3, N- 5007 Bergen, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] Key-words. – Trichoptera, Leptoceridae, Triaenodini, Triaenodes, sp. n., Ghana, West Africa In a preliminary check-list of the caddisflies of organ takes the form of a tuft of specialized scent- Ghana, Kjærandsen & Andersen (1997) listed 17 hairs arising at the extreme base of the scape and is species of the long-horned caddisfly genus Triaenodes covered by a hinged flap. Triaenodella was subse- from the country, of which nine were assumed to be quently treated as a subgenus of Triaenodes by Ross undescribed. Later an additional new species was (1944), based on the presence in Triaenodella, or ab- found. In a previous paper Andersen & Holzenthal sence in Triaenodes sensu stricto, of a male antennal (2001) described and placed two of the new species in scape scent organ. the subgenus Triaenodella Mosely. A third new Yang & Morse (1993) outlined the phylogeny of species, T. kwadwo Andersen & Holzenthal was also the Triaenodini and divided Triaenodes into three sub- described; this species is not easily placed in any sub- genera including their newly erected subgenus Austro- genus. Further, all previously described species in the triaena for 8 species occurring in the Oriental and subgenus Triaenodella occurring in West Africa Australian biogeographical regions. They further rede- (Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, fined Triaenodella stating that most Triaenodes species Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, have a male antennal scape scent organ. Subgenus Tri- Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, aenodella Mosely sensu Yang & Morse is characterized Togo) were redescribed and figured. In the present pa- in the males by the basal plate process of the inferior per, we describe and figure seven new species belong- appendage secondarily absent, and the mesal basodor- ing to subgenus Triaenodes sensu stricto and re- sal process of the inferior appendage curved caudad describe seven species known from the Region and ventrad, with an enlarged apex which is either including T. elegantulus Ulmer, not previously record- clavate, broadly truncate, or subdivided into two ed from West Africa. processes. Subgenus Triaenodes sensu stricto, is char- When erecting the genus Triaenodella for two East acterized in the males by an abbreviated basal plate of African species, T. cheliferus and T. clavatus, Mosely the inferior appendage with a long, slender, recurved (1932a) stated that the genus was separated from Tri- process, and the phallus with distinctive lateral ridges aenodes mainly by the scent-organ apparatus in the for resting or guiding the slender process of the basal male, situated in the scape of each antenna. The scent plate (Yang & Morse 1993). 61 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 09:51:42AM via free access T E, 145, 2002 Figs 1-3. Scapes with scent organ. – 1, Triaenodes akua sp. n.; 2, Triaenodes darfuricus Mosely; 3, Triaenodes kwabena sp. n. The present paper forms part of the scientific results the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. Type material of a joint project on freshwater entomology in Ghana of T. scottae in the Muséum National d’Histoire Na- established in 1991 between the Institute of Aquatic turelle, Paris, was not available for loan, but Dr. Biology, C.S.I.R., Ghana, the Department of Zoolo- François-Marie Gibon kindly provided two males gy, University of Ghana, and the Museum of Zoology, from Mali. Further, for comparative purposes, the University of Bergen, Norway. holotype of T. darfuricus Mosely was borrowed from the Natural History Museum, London, and the re- description is partly based on this specimen. In addi- MATERIAL AND METHODS tion, material of several species of Triaenodes was bor- Methods used in preparing, examining, and illus- rowed from the National Museum of Natural trating genitalia are those that are commonly used in History, Washington, D. C. the study of Trichoptera (see Blahnik 1998). The ter- Holotypes and paratypes of the species described minology is adopted from Morse (1975), Schmid below as well as material of most of the species re- (1980, 1994), and Yang & Morse (1993). The mea- described are deposited in the University of Minneso- surements, in millimeters, are given as the range fol- ta Insect Collection, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A.; lowed by the mean when more than three specimens paratypes and material of species redescribed are also are measured. deposited in the Museum of Zoology, University of The descriptions of the new species are all based on Bergen, Norway, and the National Museum of Nat- males collected in Ghana. The redescriptions of most ural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, of the West African Triaenodes species are also based D.C., U.S.A. If not otherwise stated, the specimens on Ghanaian material. However, two of the species, are preserved in alcohol. T. africanus Ulmer and T. scottae Gibon, were not taken in Ghana during the project. The holotype of The following codes are used to indicate the collec- T. africanus located in the Nationaal Natuurhis- tions in which specimens are deposited: torisch Museum, Leiden, is damaged, and the re- BMNH The Natural History Museum, London, description is based on a specimen from Cameroon England. identified as T. africanus by Ulmer (1912) housed in F.M.G. Private collection of François-Marie Gibon, 62 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 09:51:42AM via free access A H: West African Triaenodes 2 Assas, France Table 1. Check-list of West African Triaenodes McLachlan species. Subgenus Triaenodes sensu stricto. MNHN Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France Species Distribution USNM National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. T. africanus Ulmer, 1907 Niger, Cameroon UMSP University of Minnesota Insect Collection, T. akua sp. n. Ghana St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A. T. darfuricus Mosely, 1936 Sudan, Algeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo, ZMHB Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt- Ghana, Ivory Coast, Senegal Universität, Berlin, Germany T. elegantulus Ulmer, 1908 Tanzania, Angola, Democrat- ZMUB Museum of Zoology, University of Bergen, ic Republic of the Congo, Bergen, Norway Ghana, South Africa, Ugan- RMNH Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Lei- da, Zimbabwe den, The Netherlands T. imakus Gibbs, 1973 Ghana T. kofi sp. n. Ghana NHRS Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, T. kwabena sp. n. Ghana Sweden T. kwaku sp. n. Ghana T. kwame sp. n. Ghana T. kwasi sp. n. Ghana SYSTEMATIC PART T. scottae Gibon, 1982 Ivory Coast, Mali T. tofanus Gibbs, 1973 Ghana, Liberia Subgenus Triaenodes sensu stricto T. troubati Gibon, 1982 Ivory Coast, Ghana T. yaw sp. n Ghana As defined by Yang & Morse (1993) the subgenus is characterized in the males by an abbreviated basal plate of the inferior appendage with a long, slender, recurved process, and the phallus with distinctive lat- projecting caudad, in dorsal view split at two eral ridges for resting or guiding the slender process of thirds length; mesal basodorsal process of inferior the basal plate. Most of the West African species fit appendage triangular in distal half, with scal- the subgenus description well. However, we also in- loped, weakly rounded posterior margin (figs. 42- clude some species which have a weak abbreviated 43) .............................................. T. kwasi sp. n. basal plate and a short curved process, which in a few – Lower part of tergum X long, narrow, pointed, species is club-shaped. The species included have a curved ventrad, in dorsal view split to base; mesal male scape scent organ with hinged flap, but appar- basodorsal process of inferior appendage club- ently lacking tuft of scent-hairs (figs. 1-3). shaped (figs. 4-5) ................. T. africanus Ulmer Of the West African species, seven previously de- 5. Basal plate of inferior appendage with recurved scribed species apparently belong in this subgenus, process forked medially (fig. 34) T. kwaku sp. n. and a further seven newly described species are placed – Basal plate of inferior appendage with recurved in the subgenus (table 1). process simple ................................................. 6 6. Inferior appendage subtriangular (fig. 38) .......... ...................................................T. kwame sp. n. Key to the males of West African Triaenodes – Inferior appendage basally subrectangular with McLachlan,