Homer was Heracles of Greek and Scythian mythology, whose main feat had been the formation of foundation for European culture. It is Homer’s Cimmerian-Greek origin that ex- plains so many-sided and lengthy attraction of Ancient Greece to Scythia. And it can’t be neglected in the study of the history of relationship of these two countries and peoples. Isn’t it due to this fact that Olbio (V B.C.), being located between the peninsular (today’s Nikolaev), where Homer was born, and the Aeae peninsular (today’s Berezan’ island), where he died, has become a monument to the happy coexistence of Greek, Scythian and Sarmatian cultures within the period of millenium years?! And isn’t it due to the fact, as is seen from Dion Chrisostomus’ “Borysthenite speech’’, that, while in Greece principal concern of the poet was diminished, olbio- HOMER polites worshipped Homer even 700 years after his death, that they knew exactly where he had been born and buried and that they considered him to be their countryman?! Cimmerian-Scythian-Greek origin of Homer has become a THE IMMANENT prologue to the cultural and historic development of Ukraine in its evolution from Scythia to Kiev Rus under the influence of BIOGRAPHY Ancient Greece and Byzantia. Anatoliy Zolotukhin r. Cocytus Anatoliy Zolotukhin Hades r. Styx (S. Bug) (Ingul) Alibas (Nikolaev) r. Acheron Olbia Ochakov Aeae r. Oceanus (Berezan´) Hylaea Odessa (Dnieper) NIKOLAEV – UKRAINE PONTUS EUXINE (Black Sea) To the town Nikolaev in Ukraine, to the land, where Homer was born, – I devote this book! *** “In 2005, Nikolaev archeologists Yu.S. Grebennikov, K.V. Gorbenko and A.I. Smirnov completed the cycle of excavations in the tract “Wild orchard” (see p. 26). Due to this fact it became clear that a great scientific discovery has been made. In his brief “Conclusion on the archeological monument “Wild orchard”, located in Nikolaev, doctor of history, prof., deputy director of Research Institute of Monuments Protection, Corresponding member of the German Institute of Archeology, V.I. Klochko wrote the following: “Archeological monument “Wild orchard” is a site of ancient settlement of late bronze (Byelozerski period, 1300-900 B.C.). It is situated on the high bank of the Southern Bug, at the place where the Ingul river flows into it. The place of the monument location and some finds on it allow us to interpret it as an old town-port, situated on the trade route that connected the basins of the Black HOMER and Baltic along the rivers of the Western Bug and the Southern Bug. Thus, the “Wild orchard” ancient settlement is the only archeological THE IMMANENT BIOGRAPHY monument in Ukraine – the remnants of the Black Sea town-port of the times of legendary Troy and the Troyan war itself. The way the remnants of habitations, temples and fortification installation were preserved allows us with a high degree of confidence to register and rehabilitate these erections as well as the whole site of the town. All the indi- ANATOLIY ZOLOTUKHIN cated circumstances put forward the “Wild orchard” ancient settlement as the most outstanding monuments of all-European archeological heritage and now we have to consider the necessity of its preservation and registering this great Model, illustrated with discovery as a museum. It will allow to put it into the row of outstanding monuments of the world cultural heritage”. photographs by the author The researchers write that within 15 years of studies carried on by the local archeological expedition, about 19 archeological objects were investigated (in- cluding temples, part of fortification wall and stone bridge across it), 15 premises of various functional designation, thousands of artifacts were found. The depth of cultural layer is from 0.15 to 0.5 m, and overall area constitutes about 3 hect- ares. On the basis of the facts the researchers indicate that “it is quite logical to state that “Wild orchard” tract is that same centre,- ‘the town of Cimmerian people”,- that was mentioned by Homer in his “Odyssey”. The monument has been only 40% investigated.” “Vecherny Nikolaev” (“Evening Nikolaev”) newspaper, dated 16 May, 2006. VOZMOZHNOSTY KIMMERII NIKOLAEV 2006 Nikolaev region in Ukraine as a centre of the Cimmerian-Scythian culture is described in the book. This is the place where Homer was born and buried. The author makes up Homer’s biography, determines the data of his life and death (657-581 B.C.) and shows that Odysseus sailed across the Black Sea. The author restores the Cimmerian and Scythian genealogy of Homer and presents arguments to confirm his hypotheses. CONTENS FIRST PRINTED 2001 Author’s foreword ........................................................................ 7 1. Nikolaev as Homer’s Hades and Herodotus’ Hippolaus ............ 12 2. On the problem of Herodotus’s Hylaea restoration ..................... 27 Homer. The immanent biography 3. About Herodotus’ Exampaeus and the victory of by Anatoliy Zolotukhin. Scyths over Darius .................................................................................. 37 ([email protected]) 4. Restoration of itinerary of Odysseus sailing ......................... 47 5. On the problem of Homer’s immanent biography ................... 61 6. On the possibility of establishing the Cimmerian-Scythian name of Homer ........................................................................................ 73 7. The pectoral found by B.N. Mozolevsky as symbiosis Liter. Editor - V.B. Chernitsky of Greek-Scythian culture ....................................................................... 83 Computer model – A.I. Zolotukhin 8. To the question about possible Homer’s burial Editor - V.A. Karnaukh, on Berezan island .......................................................................................... 93 Vozmozhnosty Kimmerii, 48/7 Potiomkinskaya, Nikolaev, Ukraine, 54001 On receiving communion with Homer’s sacred secrets ph. 80512-35-50-10 (Post face) .................................................................................................... 102 Main references ........................................................................ 107 All rights reserved. Abbreviation .............................................................................. 108 Copyright © 2006 by Anatoliy Zolotukhin About the author ................................................................................ 109 Copyright model © 2006 by Anatoliy Zolotukhin Summary of the book by A. Zolotukhin “The secrets Copyright for the book is protected according to the “Decision on of ”Slovo o polku Igoreve” ...................................................................... 110 registration of copyright for the work No.18102 dated 29 September, 2006 Index of names ............................................................................. 111 of the State Department of intellectual property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine’’. No part of this book may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the author. ISBN 966-7676-56-0 AUTHOR’S FOREWORD t is generally known that Homer is a father of European culture. His “Iliad” and “Odyssey” are actually the Bible of Europe. Bibliography of investigations devoted to Homer is rather wide. But, concerning his life and biography, they are still practically unknown. The data of his life vary from XII to VII B.C. Even in ancient times about 20 old Greek towns Achilles and Hector. About 490 B.C. considered Homer as their native-born. The scholars studying Homeric works declared all of his eight ancient biographies as ones that have no historic value, since Homeric authorship of not only hymns and myths, but even of “Iliad” and “Odyssey” is a subject of much controversy. But for the last 200 years a major breakthrough of science studying Homeric works concerns the recognition of Homer as an immanent author, and his works as syncretic ones. Immanent (immanens in Latin means “habitual, inherent”) is inwardly inherent to a subject, phenomenon, which comes from its nature. When applied to Homer, it means that all the information on his life and biography should be drawn from his works. Syncretism (in Greek synkretismos – combination, unification) is a unity, indivisibility, which characterizes unculti- vated state of work. In relation to Homeric works it means first of all his author’s unity, and, hence, “Iliad” and “Odyssey” integrity and continuity should be acknowledged. Concerning the lack of development, it should be noted that in the times of Odissey and Seirenes. About 475 B.C. Homer mythology was the only available genre that included science, religion and art in their embryo. Therefore, mythology should not be considered as something unreal. Homer exploited mythological genre most of all as an allegori- cal expression of historic truth. As soon as Henry Schlieman believed Homer, Troy was found where nobody would have looked for it. It was only this single fact that put forward the point that it was worth believing the events described in “Odyssey’’ in spite of their allegorical meaning. By the way, allegorical meaning itself is connected in an integral way with the use of symbolism and token character as an inner mistery that is not only inherent in Homer’s works, but in those made by many other men of genius. Thus, the present book is an attempt to create the first immanent biography of Homer, based on autobiographical nature