Technology Needs Assessment Report Climate Change Mitigation Government of Pakistan Ministry of Climate Change Islamabad, Pakistan February 2016 Supported by TNA Report, Climate Change Mitigation, Pakistan Technology Needs Assessments For Climate Change Mitigation National TNA Coordinator: Muhammad Irfan Tariq, Director General, (Environment & Climate Change) Ministry of Climate Change, Government of Pakistan Contributors and Supporting Team: Working Group on Mitigation, Ministry of Climate Change Lead Expert: Jawed Ali Khan DISCLAIMER This document is an output of the Technology Needs Assessment project, funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and implemented by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the UNEP DTU Partnership (UDP) in collaboration with the Regional Centre Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok. The present report is the output of a fully country-led process and the views and information contained herein is a product of the National TNA team, led by the Federal Ministry of Climate Change, Government of Pakistan. ii TNA Report, Climate Change Mitigation, Pakistan Table of Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................. v List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... vi Abbreviations and Acronyms ..................................................................................................................... viii Forward ......................................................................................................................................................... x Acknowledgement ....................................................................................................................................... xi Chapter 1: Background and Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Technology Needs Assessment Project ........................................................................................ 2 1.3. Existing National Policies and Sustainable Development Strategies on Climate Change Mitigation & Development Priorities ........................................................................................................ 3 1.3.1. Pakistan Vision 2025 ............................................................................................................. 3 1.3.2. National Climate Change Policy 2012 ................................................................................... 4 1.3.3. National Sustainable Development Strategy 2012 ............................................................... 5 1.3.4. National Energy Conservation Policy (2007) ......................................................................... 5 1.3.5. National Operational Strategy for Clean Development Mechanism 2006 ........................... 5 1.3.6. National Renewable Energy Policy for Development of Power Generation 2006 ............... 6 1.3.7. National Environment Policy 2005 ........................................................................................ 6 1.3.8. Formulation of National Conservation Strategy 1992 .......................................................... 7 1.3.1. Legislative Actions ................................................................................................................. 7 Chapter2. Institutional Arrangement for the TNA and Stakeholders involvement ...................................... 9 2.1. Ministry responsible for the overall process ................................................................................ 9 2.2. National TNA Committee & Team for Technology Needs Assessment ...................................... 10 2.3. National Stakeholder Groups ...................................................................................................... 10 2.4. International Partner Organizations ........................................................................................... 11 2.5. Consultations with stakeholders ................................................................................................. 11 Chapter 3: Sector Selection ......................................................................................................................... 12 3.1. Selection of Sectors and GHG emission ...................................................................................... 13 3.1.1 Process of Sector Prioritization: ................................................................................................. 14 3.2. Energy Consumption by sectors and by sources ........................................................................ 15 iii TNA Report, Climate Change Mitigation, Pakistan Chapter 4: Technology prioritization for the Energy and Waste sectors ................................................... 17 4.1. GHG emissions; Existing and Potential Technologies in the Energy and Waste sectors ............ 17 4.1.1. Energy sector GHG Emissions ............................................................................................. 17 4.1.2. GHG Emissions in Industrial processes ............................................................................... 18 4.1.3. GHG Emissions in Waste sector .......................................................................................... 18 4.1.4. Situational Analysis of coal ................................................................................................. 20 4.1.5. Existing and potential mitigation technologies in the energy and waste sectors .............. 20 4.1.6. Technology Fact Sheets of Shortlisted technologies .......................................................... 22 4.2. Decision Context ......................................................................................................................... 24 4.2.1 National Priorities ...................................................................................................................... 24 4.3. Overview of potential mitigation technology options in the energy sector and their mitigation potential and other Co-benefits ............................................................................................................. 25 4.4. Criteria and process of technology prioritization ....................................................................... 27 4.4.1. Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), Determination of Criteria and Weightings ........ 27 4.4.2. Process of technology prioritization ................................................................................... 27 4.4.3. Results of technology prioritization .................................................................................... 28 Chapter 5: Technology prioritization for the Agriculture including Land use, Land use change and Forestry sector ............................................................................................................................................ 30 5.1. GHG emissions and existing technologies of Agriculture including land use and forestry sector 30 5.1.1. Agriculture/ Livestock sector GHG emissions ..................................................................... 30 5.1.2. Land-use, Land-use change, and Forestry sector GHG emissions ...................................... 32 5.1.3. Existing and potential mitigation technologies in Agriculture, Livestock& LULUCF sector 34 5.2. Prioritization of mitigation technology needs in the context of national priorities ................... 35 5.2.1. Technology Fact Sheets of Shortlisted technologies .......................................................... 36 5.3. Overview of selected mitigation technology options in the Agriculture, Livestock & LULUCF sector, their mitigation potential and other Co-benefits ....................................................................... 36 5.4. Criteria and process of technology prioritization ....................................................................... 41 5.5. Results of technology prioritization ............................................................................................ 41 Chapter 6: Technology prioritization for the Transport sector ................................................................... 42 6.1. GHG emissions & existing technologies in Transport sector ...................................................... 42 6.1.1. Situational Analysis of GHG emissions in Transport sector ................................................ 42 6.1.2. Existing and potential mitigation technologies in Transport sector ................................... 44 iv TNA Report, Climate Change Mitigation, Pakistan 6.2. Prioritization of mitigation technology needs in the context of national priorities ................... 44 6.2.1. Technology Fact Sheets of Shortlisted technologies .......................................................... 45 6.3. Overview of selected mitigation technology options in the Transport sector, their mitigation potential and other Co-benefits ............................................................................................................. 45 6.4. Criteria and process of technology prioritization ......................................................................