RED-LEGGED SERIEMA (Cariama cristata) CARE MANUAL CREATED BY AZA RED-LEGGED SERIEMA SPECIES SURVIVAL PLAN® IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE AZA GRUIFORMES TAXON ADVISORY GROUP Red-legged Seriema (Cariama cristata) Care Manual Red-Legged Seriema (Cariama cristata) Care Manual Published by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums in association with the AZA Animal Welfare Committee Formal Citation: AZA Red-legged Seriema SSP (2013). Red-legged Seriema (Cariama cristata) Care Manual. Association of Zoos and Aquariums, Silver Spring, MD. Original Completion Date: May 2013 Authors and Significant contributors: Sara Hallager, Smithsonian National Zoological Park Dr Sharmie Johnson, DVM, Wildlife World Zoo & Aquarium. Reviewers: The AZA Gruiformes Taxon Advisory Group Steering Committee James Ballance, Zoo Atlanta Celia Falzone, Ellen Trout Zoo Jennifer Evans, Tracy Aviary Jo Gregson, Paignton Zoo Environmental Park, United Kingdom Cathy King, Vogelpark Walsrode, Germany AZA Staff Editors: Maya Seaman, MS, Animal Care Manual Editor Consultant Felicia Spector, MA, AZA ACM intern Candice Dorsey, PhD, Director, Animal Conservation Debborah Colbert, PhD, Vice President, Animal Conservation & Science Cover Photo Credits: Josh Caraballo Disclaimer: This manual presents a compilation of knowledge provided by recognized animal experts based on the current science, practice, and technology of animal management. The manual assembles basic requirements, best practices, and animal care recommendations to maximize capacity for excellence in animal care and welfare. The manual should be considered a work in progress, since practices continue to evolve through advances in scientific knowledge. The use of information within this manual should be in accordance with all local, state, and federal laws and regulations concerning the care of animals. While some government laws and regulations may be referenced in this manual, these are not all-inclusive nor is this manual intended to serve as an evaluation tool for those agencies. The recommendations included are not meant to be exclusive management approaches, diets, medical treatments, or procedures, and may require adaptation to meet the specific needs of individual animals and particular circumstances in each institution. Commercial entities and media identified are not necessarily endorsed by AZA. The statements presented throughout the body of the manual do not represent AZA standards of care unless specifically identified as such in clearly marked sidebar boxes. Association of Zoos and Aquariums 2 Red-legged Seriema (Cariama cristata) Care Manual Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Taxonomic Classification ...................................................................................................................... 5 Genus, Species, and Status ................................................................................................................. 5 General Information ............................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 1. Ambient Environment ........................................................................................................ 7 1.1 Temperature and Humidity ............................................................................................................ 7 1.2 Light ................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.3 Water and Air Quality ...................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Sound and Vibration ....................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 2. Habitat Design and Containment .................................................................................. 10 2.1 Space and Complexity .................................................................................................................. 10 2.2 Safety and Containment ............................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 3. Transport ............................................................................................................................. 16 3.1 Preparations ................................................................................................................................... 16 3.2 Protocols ......................................................................................................................................... 17 Chapter 4. Social Environment ........................................................................................................... 19 4.1 Group Structure and Size ............................................................................................................ 19 4.2 Influence of Others and Conspecifics ........................................................................................ 19 4.3 Introductions and Reintroductions .............................................................................................. 21 Chapter 5. Nutrition ............................................................................................................................... 22 5.1 Nutritional Requirements .............................................................................................................. 22 5.2 Diets ................................................................................................................................................ 24 5.3 Nutritional Evaluations .................................................................................................................. 25 Chapter 6. Veterinary Care .................................................................................................................. 27 6.1 Veterinary Services ....................................................................................................................... 27 6.3 Transfer Examination and Diagnostic Testing Recommendations ........................................ 30 6.4 Quarantine ...................................................................................................................................... 30 6.5 Preventive Medicine ...................................................................................................................... 32 6.6 Capture, Restraint, and Immobilization ...................................................................................... 34 6.7 Management of Diseases, Disorders, Injuries and/or Isolation.............................................. 35 Chapter 7. Reproduction ...................................................................................................................... 39 7.1 Reproductive Physiology and Behavior ..................................................................................... 39 7.2 Assisted Reproductive Technology ............................................................................................ 41 7.3 Egg-laying ....................................................................................................................................... 42 7.4 Hatching Facilities ......................................................................................................................... 43 7.5 Assisted Rearing ........................................................................................................................... 44 7.6 Contraception ................................................................................................................................. 45 Chapter 8. Behavior Management ..................................................................................................... 46 8.1 Animal Training .............................................................................................................................. 46 8.2 Environmental Enrichment ........................................................................................................... 47 8.3 Staff and Animal Interactions ...................................................................................................... 48 8.4 Staff Skills and Training ................................................................................................................ 49 Chapter 9. Program Animals ............................................................................................................... 50 9.1 Program Animal Policy ................................................................................................................. 50 9.2 Institutional Program Animal Plans............................................................................................. 51 Association of Zoos and Aquariums 3 Red-legged Seriema (Cariama cristata) Care Manual 9.3 Program Evaluation ...................................................................................................................... 54 Chapter 10. Research ............................................................................................................................ 55 10.1 Known Methodologies ................................................................................................................ 55 10.2 Future