Volume 7, No. 1 | Fall 2017 The Journal of Biblical Perspectives in Leadership is a publication of the Regent University School of Business & Leadership. 1000 Regent University Drive | Virginia Beach, VA 23464 | 757.352.4550 [email protected] | ISSN 1941-4692 | © 2017 Table of Contents FROM THE EDITOR | Joshua Henson 1 JOURNAL OF BIBLICAL PERSPECTIVES IN LEADERSHIP: RENEWING THE 3 VISION | Joshua Henson FEATURED ARTICLES DIVINE EMPOWERMENT OF THE EARLY CHURCH MOVEMENT AND RAPID 7 GROWTH IN THE APOSTOLIC AGE EXEGETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BOOK OF ACTS | Xavier Becerra THE FRUIT OF THE SPIRIT IN THE CONTEXT OF LEADERSHIP | 24 Steven S. Crowther INTEGRATING A BIBLICAL PERSPECTIVE IN THE PROFESSIONAL 35 CONSULTING PRACTICE OF RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI) | Cynthia S. Gavin CREATING A LEADER CREDIBILITY CLIMATE AS MODELED IN THE 46 LEADERSHIP OF JESUS | Samuel S. Hemby THE KINGDOM OF GOD, COMMUNITY AND DIGITAL MEDIA: FROM THEORY 65 TO BEST PRACTICE | Mike Mahan and Sean Pomory THE SPIRITUAL FORMATION OF ECCLESIAL LEADERS: INSIGHTS FROM A 80 BURGEONING FIELD | Carlo Serrano MODERATING VARIABLES FOR SERVANT LEADERSHIP MODELS: A SUB- 91 MODEL BASED ON ANTECEDENTS TO JESUS’ FOOTWASHING DEMONSTRATION | J. Andrew Wood, Jr. Journal of Biblical Perspectives in Leadership 7, no. 1 (Fall 2017). © 2017 School of Business & Lleadership, Regent University ISSN 1941-4692 GOSPEL PERSPECTIVES OF THE LEADERSHIP OF JESUS JESUS AND THE BEATITUDES: EMBODIED DISCIPLESHIP FOR ECCLESIAL 118 LEADERS | Justin R. Bowers CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP AS PARTICIPATION IN THE UNFOLDING OF 129 GOD’S ESCHATOLOGICAL FUTURE: AN EXEGETICAL STUDY OF MATTHEW 9:35-38 | Timothy A. Brubaker LUKE’S DISRUPTIVE JESUS: HARNESSING THE POWER OF DISRUPTIVE 145 LEADERSHIP | Doreen Bryant LEADERSHIP: MORE SACRIFICE THAN GLORY A SOCIO-RHETORICAL 163 READING OF MATTHEW 12 | Daniel P. Rogers A GENRE ANALYSIS OF THE PARABLE OF THE POUNDS AS IT RELATES 179 TO KELLEY’S FOLLOWERSHIP TYPES | Sarah Rolle LEADERSHIP THAT SERVES: INSIGHTS FROM JOHN 11:1-27 | 195 Arthur L. Satterwhite III INEXORABLE VICTORY: AN IDEOLOGICAL TEXTURE ANALYSIS OF THE 210 TRIAL PERICOPE IN JOHN 18:28-19:17 | Jeffrey J. Singfiel THE END IS WHERE WE START FROM: MISSION AND THE FAREWELL 226 DISCOURSE IN MATTHEW 28:18-19 | Tim H. Vanderpyl Journal of Biblical Perspectives in Leadership 7, no. 1 (Fall 2017). © 2017 School of Business & Lleadership, Regent University ISSN 1941-4692 From the Editor Joshua Henson, Ph.D. Regent University School of Business & Leadership On behalf of the Regent University’s School of Business & Leadership and the editorial board of the Journal of Biblical Perspectives in Leadership, I welcome you to the relaunch of JBPL after a two-year hiatus. This edition renews the vision of JBPL to broaden the horizon of exegetical-based research in organizational leadership in both scope and research methodology. The theme of this edition is “Gospel Perspectives of the Leadership of Jesus.” As we continue the vision of JBPL, the journal will contain new elements that will be beneficial to our exploration of biblical principles of ecclesial leadership. Given that leadership is a multidisciplinary field, the editorial board recognizes the need for a multidisciplinary format. Given this, JBPL now accepts manuscripts written in both Chicago (16th ed.) and APA (6th ed.) format. Another new element of JBPL is the inclusion of two categories of manuscripts: featured and thematic. The thematic articles will contribute to our exploration of the journal’s chosen theme for the edition, while featured articles will be accepted based on their unique contribution to Christian leadership. Some of the highlights in this edition include a cutting-edge examination of the best practices for digital media in the church; a challening study on creating leader credibility; and finally, a provocative exploration of a biblically based expansion of servant leadership. We remain grateful for the support and guidance from our esteemed reviewers and the visionary support of Dr. Gomez and Dr. Winston at the School of Business &Leadership at Regent University. Grace and peace in the name of Jesus Christ. Journal of Biblical Perspectives in Leadership 7, no. 1 (Fall 2017). © 2017 School of Business & Leadership, Regent University ISSN 1941-4692 The Editorial Board Representing a diverse group of scholars in biblical, social-science, historical and leadership studies, from around the world, the JBPL editorial board aims to provide a much needed multidisciplinary, as well as international perspective on current research and interest in biblical perspectives in the study of leadership. Each member of the editorial board has been selected because of their published research and focused interest in the exploration of leadership within the Christian Scriptures and its application in the many varied contexts around the world. To contact the editorial staff, please send an email to [email protected]. Editor Dr. Joshua Henson Regent University Reviewing Members Dr. Steven Crowther Dr. Mike Mahan Dr. J. Andrew Wood, Jr. Grace College of Divinity Regent University Regent University Dr. Russell Huizing Dr. Dave West Toccoa Falls College Regent University Production Staff Dr. Doris Gomez Dean, School of Business & Leadership Regent University Ms. Julia Mattera Communications Specialist Regent University Journal of Biblical Perspectives in Leadership 7, no. 1 (Fall 2017). 2 © 2017 School of Business & Leadership, Regent University ISSN 1941-4692 JOURNAL OF BIBLICAL PERSPECTIVES IN LEADERSHIP: RENEWING THE VISION JOSHUA HENSON In the Fall of 2006, the Journal of Biblical Perspectives in Leadership launched as the “culmination of a dream” of the School of Business and Leadership at Regent University (Winston, 2006, p. 1). With the stated mission of Christian Leadership to Change the World, there was a need for a journal that offered a platform from which Bible and leadership scholars could present their research about what the Holy Scriptures has to say about leadership. Over the next eight years, under the leadership of Dr. Corné Bekker, the journal became a valuable asset to leadership scholars interested in the role of Scripture in the development of Christian leadership throughout the world. After a two-year hiatus, JBPL is back. In partnership with the School of Business and Leadership’s annual Research Roundtables, JBPL serves to give a voice to those scholars whose heart is to explore the Biblical principles of leadership. Thus, we have worked hard to Renew the Vision and bring you this edition. Upon review of JBPL, it became clear that, from its inception, the Journal of Biblical Perspectives in Leadership sought to better understand the complex nature of leadership from a Biblical perspective. And, at the core of this mission is the desire to better understand the leadership of the Church’s ultimate leader, Jesus Christ. JBPL began by establishing the need for a common language between theology and leadership, an “ontology of leadership” whereby “the inner, priori nature of the leader and define it as a new framework by which to investigate the innate needs, views of reality, internal disposition, and hidden dynamics of leaders, thereby making manifest any evidence of leadership behavior” (Ayers, 2006, p. 11). Ayers accomplished this by examining the work and nature of Christ in Philippians 2:5-11. Ayers asserted: “Jesus Christ in the flesh was all that God is, even though he appeared to be man” (p. 22). Therefore, to understand the leadership of Jesus Christ is to understand the person and nature of God: the study of leadership is not about our own history, but God’s (Ayers, 2006). The debate regarding the leadership of Jesus runs parallel with a larger discussion of the nature of leadership as it is complex, heated, and multi-faceted. Yet, Journal of Biblical Perspectives in Leadership 7, no. 1 (Fall 2017), 3-6. © 2017 School of Business & Leadership, Regent University ISSN 1941-4692 Henson/JOURNAL OF BIBLICAL PERSPECTIVES IN LEADERSHIP 4 Poon (2006) asserted that the leadership of Jesus Christ “centers on a love that flows from heaven and extends toward those He serves and leads” (p. 63). Poon concluded with a call for Christian leaders to move toward a holistic approach to leadership that abides in and models love. The initial edition of JBPL provided a general framework for this holistic approach; referencing terms such as servant leadership (Ayers, 2006; Gyertson, 2006); spiritual leadership (Poon, 2006); transformational leadership (Ayers, 2006; Poon, 2006); situational leadership (Middleton, 2006; Poon, 2006); and authentic leadership (Poon, 2006). As demonstrated here, there are many terms and constructs used to describe Jesus’ leadership. Given this, we must take the suggestion of Gary (2007): “a research agenda related to Jesus’ leadership must rigorously think across multiple theoretical traditions and on multiple levels of analysis” (p. 97). Further, Gary asserts “any leadership research agenda that aims to understand Jesus must aggressively ground itself…behind the texts and beneath the stones of Jesus’ day” (p. 98). The theme of this issue is “Gospel Perspectives of the Leadership of Jesus”. And, continuing the spirit and message of JBPL, the call of Christian leadership is grounded in the Apostle Paul’s words to the church in Philippi in the Christological Hymn: 5 Have this mind among yourselves, which is yours in Christ Jesus, 6 who, though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped,7 but emptied himself, by taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. 8 And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. 9 Therefore God has highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name that is above every name, 10 so that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth,11 and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father (Phil.