Industry and Agriculture An Innovative Partnership David J. Mayonado Technology Development Rep. Who is this Guy? DAVID MAYONADO TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT REP. SALISBURY, MD Outline • Technology in Agriculture - Historic - Current - Future • Working in Industry • Monsanto Company 1 The Glory Days of Agriculture? The Glory Days of Agriculture? The Glory Days of Agriculture? 2 The Glory Days of Agriculture? Land Grant Universities • The Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890 established the raising of funds (via granting federally controlled lands to the states) to established land‐grant colleges. • The mission of these institutions was to focus on the teaching of practical agriculture, science, military science and engineering. Agricultural Experiment Stations New York • The Hatch Act of 1887 authorized the establishment of agricultural experiment stations to be affiliated with the land grant college of agriculture in each state. • The Smith‐Lever Act of 1914 created the Cooperative Extension Service to disseminate information gleaned from the experiment station’s research. North Carolina 3 Intensive Research and Adoption of Technology Improves Production Univ. of Missouri Univ. of Missouri Science based research and development by government and private industry over the past 100 years has resulted in huge increases in US crop production via improved agronomic practices and the adoption of ever improving mechanical, chemical and biological tools. The Rural Environment in the Mid-Atlantic Seems to be Well Suited for Wildlife Maryland Dept. of Natural Resources Applying rigorous scientific principles to the development of agricultural technologies and techniques has allowed Mid‐ Atlantic farmers to produce steadily larger crops while at the same time improving soil quality and fostering an environment that supports a thriving wildlife population. Changing Tools for Agricultural Pest Management RNAi Efficiency GMO No-till Time 4 What are GMOs? Biotechnology in plant agriculture has come to mean the process of intentionally making a copy of a gene for a desired trait from one plant or organism and using it in another plant. The result is a GMO (genetically modified organism). Commercial Products of Biotechnology • Roundup Ready® Crops –allow growers more effective and efficient control of weeds • YieldGard® Corn – allows growers to manage yield robbing insects without the need to spray. This provides more effective control without harming beneficial and non‐ threatening insects. • DroughtGard® Corn – Enhancing drought tolerance in corn for tough environments. • Vistive Gold®/Plenish® Soybeans –Soybeans that produce a vegetable oil that is more healthy (similar to Olive oil) for consumers. Genes and Proteins • Genes are the information packets for making proteins. • The nature of one’s proteins determines one’s nature. • Proteins are not generally stable outside the confines of living cells. • Proteins are generally rapidly biodegraded and rapidly digested. Proteins have the potential to be powerful tools for enhancing agricultural production while being highly biodegradable and being produced in the very plants that need them. 5 GMO Safety Scientific Institutions and Organizations that Recognize the Safety of GM Crops and their Potential Benefits International North America Europe Latin America Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the World Health Organization (WHO) Royal Society of Canada Nutrition Society of Argentina (SAN) Czech Republic Food and Agriculture Organization of the Health Canada French Academy of Sciences International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) United Nations (FAO) National Academy of Sciences (Leopoldina) | German Academy of Science and Engineering Thirld Word AcademyTo of Sciences date, (TWAS) more Nationalthan Academy 2000 of Sciences scientifi (NAS) c studies have assessedBrazilian the Academy of Sciences (acatech) | Berlin‐Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities safety of theseInstitute crops of Medicine in (IOM) terms & National Researchof human Union of the Germanhealth Academies and of Science environmental and International Council for Science (ICSU)* Brazilian Association of Nutrition* Council (NRC) of the National Academies. Humanities (8 academies) Internationalimpact. Union of Food Science These and studies together with several reviews performed on National Academies (IOM, NRC, NAS, NAE) Federal Ministry of Education and Research Chilean Academy of Sciences Technology (IUFoST) Internationala Seedcase Federation by (ISF) case fromAmerican Medical regulatory Association (AMA) agenciesNational Academy around of Science | Lincean the Academy world, Chilean Academyhave of Agricultural Sciences International Union of Nutritional Sciences American Association for the Advancement of Joint statement of 14 scientific intitutions of Italy Mexican Academy of Sciences (IUNS) Science (AAAS) Consultative enabledGroup for International a solid and clear scientific consensus: GM cropsPeruvian have Association for the Development of American Council of Science and Health (ACSH) Joint statement of 21 scientific intitutions of Italy Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Biotechnology (PeruBiotec) United Nations Development Programme no more risk thanSociety of Toxicology those (SOT) that Planthave Research Internationalbeen – Wageningendeveloped UR Nutrition by Society of Argentina (SAN) (UNDP) Declaration promoted by the Spanish Bioindustry AgBioWorld Foundation American Dietetic Association conventional breeding techniques.Association (ASEBIO) Declaration promoted by the National Association Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Genetics Society of America of Plant Breeders (ANOVE) and signed by 14 Oceania Development (OECD) Spanish institutions World Health Organization (WHO) American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB) Royal Society of London Biotechnology Ministerial Council Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research American Society of Plant Biology (ASPB) Royal Society of Medicine Organization (CSIRO) Asia American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Royal Society of Edinburgh National Farmers’ Federation (NFF) Australia’s Biotechnology Organization Chinese Academy of Sciences American Phytopathological Society (APS) Biochemical Society UK (AusBiotech) Indian National Academy of Sciences Society for In Vitro Biology (SIVB) Food Standards Australia – New Zealand Indian National Academy of Agricultural Crop Science Society of America Africa New Zealand Royal Commission Sciences National Academy of Science and Technology Council for Agricultural Science and Technology Academy of Science of South Africa (NAST) (CAST) Academies of Sciences from Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Chinese Academy of Sciences South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe. Indian National Academy of Sciences International Society of African Scientists http://www.siquierotransgenicos.cl/2015/06/13/more-than-240-organizations-and-scientific-institutions-support-the-safety-of-gm-crops ™ BioDirect™ is Based on New Applications of RNAi Technology RNAi is Gene RNA “Transfers information from gene to Protein Produced A Natural construct a protein” Mechanism DNA to Control “Trigger” the When cells make RNAi it Expression specifically targets an RNA of a Gene X Gene RNA RNA broken up Protein DNA Not Produced Gene Silenced Gene silencing presents the possibility of turning off specific genes, which might have many practical agricultural applications ‐ including pest control. 6 Gene Silencing for Corn Rootworm Control Graphic from Genetic Weapon Against Insects Raises Hope and Fear in Farming New York Times Online, Andrew Pollack, January 27, 2014 Newton, Iowa – 2014 Pre-Launch VT Control Triple PRO® SmartStax SmartStax® PRO Phase 4 SmartStax® PRO1 Corn Provides a Novel Third Mode of Action for Corn Rootworm Control • Designed to provide added product durability for control of corn rootworm SmartStax PRO • Offering an essential mode of action for corn rootworm control through a natural process (RNAi) which is unique from Bt • Field and lab studies continue to demonstrate superior root protection through more complete Rating control of corn rootworm larvae Root Damage SmartStax® VT Triple SmartStax Non-BtPRO® VT3 SSX SSXPRO CornPRO 1. Pending regulatory approvals Eastern Shore of Virginia ‐ 2014 Early Development BioDirect™ Technology Untreated Treated Phase 2 BioDirect™ Technology Provides Plant Protection Against Colorado Potato Beetle Infestations Field trials at multiple locations in 2014 demonstrate • A highly destructive defoliator, Colorado the potential of BioDirect™ Technology in potato Potato Beetle (CPB) can cause significant production systems economic yield loss 160 Untreated Control 140 • Field trials with BioDirect™ across potato 120 BioDirect growing areas of the U.S. continue to 100 Commercial Standard demonstrate reductions in CPB larvae 80 infestation, adult emergence and plant large larvae 60 40 defoliation CPB 20 0 3 6 9 12 15 Days after Treatment 7 • Greenhouse trials with an aggressive strain of TSWV on a commercial tomato hybrid show Proof of early progress towards tospovirus control Concept including TSWV Phase 1 California - 2014 • BioDirect™ Technology for Improved Plant Health by Targeting Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) • BioDirect™ Technology treated • Virus-Infested Virus-Infested Virus-Infested Healthy Plant plants have shown consistent • Plants Plants Plants Untreated Control protection from TSWV which may • Untreated Formulated Control BioDirect ™ Control Treatment provide