FORTS AND FORTIFICATIONS OF EUROPE 1815-1945: THE NEUTRAL STATES PDF, EPUB, EBOOK J. E. Kaufmann | 256 pages | 19 Dec 2014 | Pen & Sword Books Ltd | 9781783463923 | English | South Yorkshire, United Kingdom Forts and Fortifications of Europe 1815-1945: The Neutral States PDF Book The Forts and Fortifications of… ePub The strategic thinking that gave rise to these defensive schemes is described in detail, as is the planning, design and construction of the lines themselves. The first two parallels reduced the vulnerability of the sapping work to a sally by the defenders, while the third parallel allowed the besiegers to launch their attack from any point along its circumference. Publication date:. Add to Basket. Available in the following formats: Kindle Paperback ePub. Namespaces Article Talk. At Sevastopol , the focus of the allied effort, the Russians had planned a modern fortress but little work had been done and earthworks were rapidly constructed instead. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. The wall, which was constructed on a massive scale between and by German engineers, forced laborers and troops, consisted of strong points, artillery casemates, bunkers, troop shelters, minefields, anti-tank and anti-boat obstacles. Casemate Publishers Amazon. Artillery positions, barbed-wire networks, casemates, concrete bunkers, trench lines, observation posts all sprang up in a vain attempt to keep the peace and to delay the invader. The authors are experts on their subject and their work is very readable. The most successful weapon there was the Paixhans gun which was mounted on ironclad floating batteries. All Rights Reserved. Hidden categories: Articles containing German-language text. My Wishlist Login. Kaufmann is a retired teacher and presently an adjunct professor at Palo Alto Jr. Want to get more out of the basic search box? The Kaunas Fortress now in Lithuania was the most expensive fortification in the Russian Empire, but a modernisation programme was incomplete. This book is essential reading for anyone with an interest in the subject, but also provides a useful introduction for those wishing to develop a knowledge of fortifications and their impact on the conduct of war. After the Napoleonic Wars the borders of Central Europe were redrawn and relative peace endured across the region, but the volatile politics of the late nineteenth century generated an atmosphere of fear and distrust, and it gave rise to a new era of fortress building, and this is the subject of this highly illustrated new study. Bernard Lowry This book is essential reading for anyone with an interest in the subject, but also provides a useful introduction for those wishing to develop a knowledge of fortifications and their impact on the conduct of war. Battle Castles. The Maginot Ouvrages Today. Report of the Commission to locate the site of the frontier forts of Pennsylvania. Hitler's Atlantic Wall, the complex system of coastal fortifications that stretched from Norway to the Spanish border during the Second World War, was built to defend occupied Europe from Allied invasion. Two of the forts surrendered on 21 May and the last, Fort de Battice , on the following day, having been by-passed by the main German thrust. Reviews Review policy and info. To accept cookies from this site, please click the Allow Cookies button below. After the Napoleonic Wars the borders of Central Europe were redrawn and relative peace endured across the region, but the volatile politics of the late nineteenth century generated an atmosphere of fear and distrust, and it gave rise to a new era of fortress building, and this is the subject of this highly illustrated new study. After the war, the apparent success of the Verdun forts led the French government to re-fortify the eastern border. In July , German assaults concentrated on three un-modernised forts in the southwest sector. Check XE. The Germans, Austro-Hungarians and Czechs all embarked on ambitious building programs. Defence of the ditches was to be by caponiers , covered galleries projecting into the ditch with numerous loopholes for small arms, compensating for the loss of the bastions with their flanking fire. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Reference Military. Add to Wishlist. Web, Tablet. You can use? The Atlantic Wall : History and Guide. Kaufmann is a retired teacher and presently an adjunct professor at Palo Alto Jr. The main approaches to the city were further defended by several outlying bastioned forts, designed for all-round defence but not sited to be mutually supporting. Continue Shopping View Basket. The concept of the polygonal fort proved to be adaptable to improvements in the artillery which might be used against them, and they continued to be built and rebuilt well into the 20th century. Flag as inappropriate. All By Date Books In the United States, it had been decided at an early stage that it would be impractical to providing landward fortifications for rapidly expanding cities but a considerable investment had been made in seaward defences in the form of multi-tiered casemated batteries, originally based on Montalembert's designs. To accept cookies from this site, please click the Allow Cookies button below. Forts and Fortifications of Europe 1815-1945: The Neutral States Writer After the Napoleonic Wars the borders of Central Europe were redrawn and relative peace endured across the region, but the volatile politics of the late nineteenth century generated an atmosphere of fear and distrust, and it gave rise to a new era of fortress building, and this is the subject of this highly illustrated new study. Published: A true account of the forts and castles belonging to the Royal African Company : upon the Gold Coast in Africa, with the number of men, and guns, the nature of the said forts and castles, and the guns planted on them, as taken from sundry persons very lately come from thence. Latest Releases Coming Soon Blog. This website requires cookies to provide all of its features. To accept cookies from this site, please click the Allow Cookies button below. Kaufmann , Vladimir Tonic. Some of Carnot's innovations, such as the Carnot wall , a loopholed wall at the foot of the scarp face of the rampart, to shelter defending infantry, were used in many later fortifications but remained controversial. Before Vauban, besiegers had driven a sap towards the fort, until they reached the glacis , where artillery could be positioned, directly to fire on the scarp wall, to make a breach. Hitler's Atlantic Wall, the complex system of coastal fortifications that stretched from Norway to the Spanish border during the Second World War, was built to defend occupied Europe from Allied invasion. Kaufmann , H. The concept of the polygonal fort proved to be adaptable to improvements in the artillery which might be used against them, and they continued to be built and rebuilt well into the 20th century. Despite the conservatism of the French engineer corps, two French engineers experimented on a modest scale with Montalembert's ideas for detached forts. Austrian engineers adopted a similar approach although differing in some details; the Prussian System and the Austrian System were together known as the German System. Many of its principal structures survive and can be visited today, and this book is an authoritative guide to them. In the United States, it had been decided at an early stage that it would be impractical to providing landward fortifications for rapidly expanding cities but a considerable investment had been made in seaward defences in the form of multi-tiered casemated batteries, originally based on Montalembert's designs. Rather than build new polygonal forts, the method chosen was a developed version of the German feste system of dispersed strongpoints connected by tunnels to a central underground barracks, all concealed in the landscape. Kaufmann , Patrice Lang. Maclean of the Gold Coast; the life and times of George Maclean, Much of this historic line - with its fortresses, artillery positions, tank traps, blockhouses, concrete bunkers - has survived and can be visited today. Ancestors of the Maginot Line. Kaufmann Oct Two of the forts surrendered on 21 May and the last, Fort de Battice , on the following day, having been by-passed by the main German thrust. The Maginot Line Engaged. Continue Shopping View Basket. It stretched from Belgium to Switzerland, and from Switzerland to the Mediterranean, and it represented the most advanced and ambitious system of static defenses of its time. The Maginot Line : History and Guide. The Alpine Ouvrages Today. Want to get more out of the basic search box? Yet it failed to deter German aggression or to halt the invasion of France in May Wildcard Searching If you want to search for multiple variations of a word, you can substitute a special symbol called a "wildcard" for one or more letters. A particular valuation of the company's forts, castles and factories in Africa as the same was made out in the year Maine Forts. Click here for help on how to download our eBooks. Account Options Anmelden. Need a currency converter? The Kaunas Fortress now in Lithuania was the most expensive fortification in the Russian Empire, but a modernisation programme was incomplete. The Renaissance of the Fortress Wrapped in myth and distortion, the Battle of Verdun is one of the most enigmatic battles of the Great War,… Available in the following formats: Kindle ePub. Forts and Fortifications of Europe 1815-1945: The Neutral States Reviews Ty Bomba A comprehensive work and a fascinating read. Recueil des fortifications, forts, et ports de mer de France by: Le Rouge. Views Read Edit View history. Maine Forts. The Campaign and the Postwar Era. Add to Basket. Fortress Switzerland. From the midth century, chemists produced the first high explosive compounds, as opposed to low explosives such as gunpowder.