South Sudan Oil Almanac An OpenOil Reference Guide 1 2 Table of Contents ECOS Oil Block Map.............................................................................................................. 5 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 7 How To Use This Book......................................................................................................... 7 Context of South Sudanese Extractive Industries History of Oil and Gas Industry........................................................................................13 Oil Production Shutdown of 2012.....................................................................................15 Dependence on Extractive Industries..............................................................................17 Sudan's Economy Before Discovery of Oil.......................................................................18 Impact of Sanctions........................................................................................................... 19 Security and the Extractive Industries............................................................................21 Abyei Dispute...................................................................................................................... 23 Energy Industry Background Hydrocarbon Reserves of Sudan and South Sudan.........................................................26 The 'Energy Mix'................................................................................................................ 28 The 'Energy Mix' in South Sudan.....................................................................................30 Energy Access..................................................................................................................... 31 Public Finances................................................................................................................... 33 Social and Environmental Context...................................................................................35 Local Content and Employment Issues............................................................................36 Regional Dynamics Uganda................................................................................................................................ 37 Kenya................................................................................................................................... 37 Ethiopia............................................................................................................................... 38 Chinese Investment in Africa............................................................................................ 39 Chinese Investment in South Sudan................................................................................41 Regulatory Framework Overview of Hydrocarbon Regulation.............................................................................. 44 Revenue Sharing Arrangements in Sudan and South Sudan.........................................45 Generic Oil and Gas Terms Definition of Hydrocarbon Reserves................................................................................49 Oil Field Depletion.............................................................................................................. 51 Crude Oil Qualities............................................................................................................. 51 Natural Gas......................................................................................................................... 52 Natural Gas Flaring............................................................................................................ 54 Fuel Subsidies..................................................................................................................... 54 Energy Governance Weak Points......................................................................................57 Oilfield services industry.................................................................................................. 59 3 Key Infrastructure Overview of Oil Infrastructure.......................................................................................... 62 Pipelines and Transit Fees in Sudan and South Sudan...................................................63 Oil and Gas Fields Overview of Oil and Gas Fields.......................................................................................... 65 Crude Oil Qualities in South Sudan..................................................................................66 Unity oil field...................................................................................................................... 67 Heglig oil field.................................................................................................................... 68 Adar oil field....................................................................................................................... 69 Thar Jath oil field............................................................................................................... 69 State-owned Entities Ministry of Petroleum and Mining................................................................................... 71 Nilepet................................................................................................................................. 72 Private Entities Overview of IOCs in South Sudan.....................................................................................74 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).............................................................................75 Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company (GNPOC)...................................................77 White Nile Petroleum Operating Company (WNPOC)....................................................78 Petrodar.............................................................................................................................. 79 China National Petroleum Corporation...........................................................................80 Kufpec................................................................................................................................. 84 Lundin Petroleum.............................................................................................................. 86 Petronas.............................................................................................................................. 89 ONGC Videsh....................................................................................................................... 93 Sinopec................................................................................................................................ 96 Talisman Energy................................................................................................................. 98 Total S.A............................................................................................................................ 101 Tri-Ocean Energy............................................................................................................. 105 Resource Transparency Opportunities Resource Curse................................................................................................................. 107 Natural Resource Charter................................................................................................ 110 Resource Transparency Movement................................................................................112 EITI.................................................................................................................................... 114 Revenue Watch Institute................................................................................................. 116 Global Witness.................................................................................................................. 117 Transparency International............................................................................................ 118 Transparency of Global Oil Companies (TI Report)..................................................120 Transparency of Contracts.............................................................................................. 121 WikiLeaks.......................................................................................................................... 123 Appendix The Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011 (excerpt) .......126 WikiLeaks on Sudan and South Sudan...........................................................................136 4 Block 1,2,4, GNPOC Block 6, CNPCIS Block 12B, Free Block 17, Ansan - 40% CNPC - 95% CNPC - 66% Ansan - 30% Petronas - 5% Sudapet Block 13, CNPC, Pertamina & Sudapet - 34% Sudapet - 25% ONGC Videsh - 40% CNPC - 5% Sudapet Block 8, WNPOC-3 - 15% Pertamina Block A, Sudapak II - 77% Petronas - 15% Sudapet - 83% Zafir Block 3,7, PDOC - 15% Sudapet - 10% Dindir Petroleum - 17% Sudapet - 41% CNPC - 8% Hi Tech - 10% Express Petroleum & Gas - 40% Petronas - 10% Africa Energy Block B, Total - 8% Sudapet Block 9,11, Sudapak I - 32,5% Total - 6% Sinopec - 85% Zafir Block 14, Petro SA - 27,5% Kufpec - 5% Al Thani - 15% Sudapet - 80% Petro SA - 10% Sudapet - 20% Sudapet - 10% GOSS Block 5A, WNPOC-1 Block 10, Free - 20% open - 68,875 Petronas Block 15, RSPOC - 24,125