COMPREHENSIVE ACTION PLAN FOR CLEAN AIR FOR NON-ATTAINMENT CITIES OF ODISHA AIR QUALITY MONITORING COMMITTEE, GOVERNMENT OF ODISHA DECEMBER 2018 ANGUL Contents List of graphs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 List of tables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 List of maps ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 Abbreviations -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 PART I: Overview -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 Section 1: Mandate for framing of Action Plan for Clean Air ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 Section 2: Air-quality concern and public health imperative ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 Air-quality monitoring----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 Air-quality trends in six non-attainment cities ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 Long-term annual average trend in PM10 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 Trend in NO2 and SO2 levels ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 Trend in daily air pollution levels and GRAP implementation ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22 Section 3: Public-health imperatives of CAP and GRAP ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25 Section 4: Pollution-source profile and baseline policy action in non-attainment cities of Odisha --------------------------------------------------------------- 27 Section 5: Air-pollution challenges and baseline action in key sectors -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29 Industrial pollution --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29 Power generation ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33 Brick kilns ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36 Vehicles --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 Strategies to reduce tailpipe emissions ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39 Emission management of on-road fleet ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39 Clean fuel initiative: CNG -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------42 Transportation and mobility ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------44 Electric mobility programme --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51 Construction and demolition waste -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51 Solid waste management -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------52 Household and domestic emissions --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------52 Diesel generator sets and rooftop solar programme -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------54 Road dust -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------54 Crop and forest fires ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------55 Urban greens and forests- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 57 Mining areas---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57 PART II: Comprehensive Action Plan (CAP) and Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------59 Annexures ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79 Bibliography -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------90 COMPREHENSIVE ACTION PLAN FOR CLEAN AIR FOR NON-ATTAINMENT CITIES OF ODISHA List of graphs Graph 1: Reduction targets of PM10 concentration in six cities --------------------------------------------------- 16 Graph 2: Reduction targets of PM2.5 concentration in six cities -------------------------------------------------- 17 Graph 3: PM10 trends in six non-attainment cities -------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 Graph 3A: Angul—long-term trend in annual average level of PM10 concentration ------------------ 17 Graph 3B: Balasore—long-term trend in annual average level of PM10 concentration --------------- 18 Graph 3C: Bhubaneswar—long-term trend in annual average level of PM10 concentration -------- 18 Graph 3D: Cuttack—long-term trend in annual average level of PM10 concentration ---------------- 19 Graph 3E: Rourkela—long-term trend in annual average level of PM10 concentration -------------- 19 Graph 3F: Talcher—long-term trend in annual average level of PM10 concentration----------------- 20 Graph 4: Bhubaneswar: Emission inventory based on PM2.5, PM10 and NOx ------------------------------- 27 Graph 5: Annual registration of vehicles (all categories) in cities of Odisha in 2005–18 ------------------ 37 Graph 6: Growth of two-wheelers in cities of Odisha (2005–18) -------------------------------------------------- 38 Graph 7: Growth of cars in cities of Odisha (2005–18) --------------------------------------------------------------- 38 Graph 8: Number of autos running on diesel ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43 Graph 9: Diesel and petrol vehicles in the six cities ------------------------------------------------------------------ 44 Graph 10: Trend in motorization in six non-attainment cities during 2008–18 ------------------------------ 45 Graph 11: Modal share of daily travel in different cities (motorized trips only) ----------------------------- 46 Graph 12: Growth in the number of auto-rickshaws registered in the six cities ----------------------------- 48 Graph 13: Modal share of different cities (non-motorized trips included) ------------------------------------ 49 4 ANGUL List of tables Table 1: State of air-quality monitoring in six non-attainment cities --------------------------------------------- 14 Table 2: Requisite expansion of air-quality monitoring network based on CPCB guidelines ------------- 15 Table 3: PM10 status in monitoring locations in each city based on CPCB classification of air quality -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 Table 4: Percentage of days violating the 24-hour PM10 standard in a year (2008–17) --------------------- 23 Table 5: National Air Quality Index of India ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 Table 6: Health advisory at different AQI levels in India ------------------------------------------------------------ 24 Table 7: Major sources of air pollution in six cities ------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 Table 8: Number of the industries category-wise in different districts of Odisha ---------------------------- 29 Table 9: Thermal power plants in Odisha -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34 Table 10: Rourkela: Brick kilns in the periphery ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 Table 11: Status