Nova Scotia in 1814 and was a delegate to the Charlottetown, Quebec and London Ulster-Scots in conferences that created Canada in 1867. Later he was Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Manitoba and then succeeded Canada Joseph Howe as Lieutenant-Governor of the by Brian McConnell Province of Nova Scotia. Other well known members of the Brian is a lawyer by profession but has been Archibald family included Samuel George researching and writing about Ulster-Scots heritage in Canada for several years. Before William Archibald, who later became chief completing a degree in law at Dalhousie in justice of the Province of Prince Edward Halifax, he obtained an Honours Degree in Island and Charles Archibald who became History from Queen's University at Kingston, President of the Bank of Nova Scotia in Ontario and was accepted into the M.A. program 1918. In recent years the family has been there but opted for law school. represented by Gordon Archibald, retired President of Maritime Telephone and Telegraph Corporation, and his son, George etween the beginning of the colonial Archibald, Progressive Conservative B period and the end of the twentieth member for Kings North in the Nova Scotia Ulster-Scot, Robert Baldwin (1804-1858), century it is estimated that more than legislature. an Upper Canadian reformer who attained 500,000 people arrived in Canada from In the 1840's the first large number of responsible government for his province in Ulster. immigrants arrived in Prince Edward Island 1848 The three Maritime Provinces of Canada, from County Monaghan departing by the port Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick and of Belfast. By 1850 one quarter of the Society of Saint John, New Brunswick which Nova Scotia, was where many of the Ulster Island's population was Irish and in the was formed in 1819. The earliest of the immigrants first came and holds the record capital of Charlottetown more than 40% were Maritime Irish groups was the Charitable for a number of firsts because of this. from Ulster. Irish Society of Halifax founded in 1786. In 1760 the first large group of settlers Many of the Ulster immigrants to Canada In the field of education, Ulster Scots from Ulster to come to Canada settled the continued to experience close involvement immigrants also played a significant part in Townships of Onslow and Truro, Nova with Ireland. This link was demonstrated promoting and founding the establishment of Scotia and founded the town of Londonderry. during the debate over Home Rule for educational facilities. One example was Many had come from Londonderry, New Ireland early in the twentieth century, which Charles Allison, a prominent merchant of Hampshire where they had settled had been largely opposed in Ulster. The Ulster-Scot descent who had left the Church approximately 40 years earlier after beginning of World War I suspended the of England to become a Methodist bought departing Londonderry, Ireland. issue but after the war ended the debate land at his own expense and opened a school The founders of Londonderry, Nova Scotia continued in Canada and it was encouraged in Sackville, New Brunswick in 1843. In were so-called Ulster-Scots, persons of by the establishment in 1924 of the Self- 1858 Mount Allison's degrees received northern Irish background whose forebears determination League of Canada and official recognition and in 1875 it granted the had previously lived in Scotland. Many had Newfoundland in Toronto. first degree ever to be received by a woman arrived in Ireland during the Plantation An immigrant of Ulster Scot ancestry, anywhere in the British Empire. period of the seventeenth century although Lindsay Crawford, was elected President of The history and traditions of the Ulster Scots had been coming to the north of Ireland the League at its first national convention. Scots immigrants to the Maritimes and other for several hundred years prior to that. Two Crawford toured the Maritimes but received parts of Canada are promoted by the Ulster hundred and twenty-nine families with a rough reception. In Sydney, Nova Scotia Scottish Society of Canada which was surnames such as McNutt, Kennedy, Taylor, supporters of the union of Ireland and Great established in Halifax in 1995. This non- Blair, McLellan, McCurdy, Morrison, and Britain filled the hall he was to speak in and profit society which is also non-political and Wilson settled Londonderry, Onslow, and made it difficult for him to deliver his non-religious has members throughout Truro Townships of Colchester County, speech. In Fredericton, New Brunswick town Canada. Further information about the Nova Scotia. officials simply barred him from speaking. Society can be obtained by contacting its One of the most famous Nova Scotian The partition of Ireland into Northern Ireland Secretary, Robert Fisher, at 2346 Agricola political families was also included in this and the Irish Free State (predecessor of the Street, Halifax, N.S. B3K 4B6 or its group of Ulster Scots who originally came Republic of Ireland) caused the self- President, Brian McConnell, at P.O. Box from Londonderry, Ireland. This was the determination league to lose its relevance and 1239, Digby, N.S., BOV 1AO Archibald family and perhaps the most fold. noteworthy descendant was Sir Adam Lindsay Crawford followed in the tradition "In Ireland there are three main divisions of the George Archibald who was born in Truro, of many Ulster Scot immigrants to Canada people, - the Irish, the Anglo-Irish, and the Scoto- Irish (or Ulster-Scots), which are represented by who became active politically. Robert the three principal Churches, the Roman Catholic, Ulster refers to the old province of Baldwin (1804-1858) who led the movement the Protestant Episcopal, and the Presbyterian. Ireland which at one time included for responsible government in Upper Canada These do not entirely coincide, as some of the three counties now in the present (now Ontario) was the son of Ulster-Scot Anglo-Irish are Catholic, and some of the Scoto- Republic of Ireland (Donegal, Cavan, settlers. James Boyle Uniacke, Nova Scotia's Irish have become Episcopalians, but roughly and Monaghan) and six counties now first Premier was the son of Ulster Scots. speaking the three divisions may be distinguished in present-day Northern Ireland The early Ulster immigrants were active in according to the Church to which each belongs. forming cultural associations and in All these people are largely of Celtic origin." (Antrim, Armagh, Down, Source: Reverend James Barkley Woodburn, "The Londonderry, Tyrone, and supporting education. Once such association Ulster Scot: His History and Religion", London, Fermanagh). which still meets today is the Saint Patrick's H.R. Allenson, Limited, 1914 The Scots Canadian 5 .