Cuneiform Digital Library Journal 2002:2 <http://cdli.ucla.edu/pubs/cdlj/2002/002.html> © Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative ISSN 1540-8779 Version: 27 September 2002 A Previously Unpublished Lawsuit from Ur III Adab Magnus Widell IHAC, Northeast Normal University, Changchun §1. The cuneiform clay tablet presented for the fi rst number of available Ur III tablets from Adab. Moreover, time in this article is kept in the California Museum a number of unusual and highly interesting features (see of Ancient Art, Los Angeles. The text was given to the below) certainly justify a more thorough analysis of the museum in 1985 by Russ and Ivonne Kino.1 text. As so often is the case with Ur III administrative and economic texts, the text under review here may §2. I would like to thank the museum for making the be understood in rather divergent ways. It should be text available to the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative, emphasized that the present interpretation should by and R. K. Englund for sending me all necessary details no means be considered defi nitive. about the text. This article was written as part of a research project generously funded by the History §4. Since the text does not have a month name, the Department at Northeast Normal University in Chang- attribution to Adab has been based on the overall chun, China. appearance and structure of the text (see e.g. SDU 67-72)4 and on the fact that the lawsuit took place in General description front of the Adab governor Îabalukke (Ìa-ba-lu5-ke4, §3. While the city of Adab no doubt was very important line 6). A further indication for an Adab provenience 2 d during the Ur III period, less than fi fty texts have so is the theophoric element AÒgi in lu2- aÒ7-gi4 (line 9). far been published from the site.3 The present text is This element was popular in the personal names in an important and welcome addition to this limited Adab (hence the city’s earlier governor, and the father 1 For the collection of Ur III texts kept in the California Museum reports that several Adab tablets from ancient Garshana are in of Ancient Art, see R. K. Englund, “The Ur III Collection of the New York Rosen collection. Finally, N. Vanderroost will the CMAA,” CDLJ 2002:1. publish in the near future a further text from Adab now in a private collection in Europe. Apart from the tablets in Istanbul 2 Hence the impact of its calendar in the north of Babylonia (M. and this private European text, the Ur III texts from Adab seem Cohen, Calendars, p. 203). to be found mainly in various American collections; the fi rst 3 See W. Sallaberger and A. Westenholz, Mesopotamien. Akkade- extensive excavation of Adab began about a century ago under Zeit und Ur III-Zeit (=OBO 160/3; Freiburg, Switzerland, the direction of Edgar Banks and was sponsored by the Oriental 1999) 208 with further references (add MVN 3, nos. 174, Exploration Fund of the University of Chicago (see Yang Zhi, 212, and 369 to Yang Zhi’s list in Adab, 24-35). In addition “The Excavation of Adab.” JAC 3 [1988] 1-21). Banks later to these texts, it seems likely that NATN 116 also comes from sold a number of smaller groups of tablets to private collectors, Adab, and there are at least three further texts from the city colleges, museums, etc. in the United States (T. M. Sharlach, published in MVN 13 (see T. Gomi’s review in JAOS 107, Bala: Economic Exchange Between Center and Provinces in the Ur 146-151). M. Sigrist, Neo-Sumerian Archival Texts in the Nies III State [Harvard University Dissertation, Ann Arbor 1999] Babylonian Collection (=CBCY 3; Bethesda 2001) lists 15 (add 7). NBC 6672?) additional Adab texts kept in Yale. The Istanbul 4 It should, however, be noted that although the present Archaeological Museum is said to have 11 Ur III texts from the document in many respects resembles these texts, it does not site (Adab, p. 3, note 2). D. I. Owen (personal communication) represent a similar sale contract of the servant Ana-Ìili. Cuneiform Digital Library Journal 2002:2 page 1 of 4 5 d d of Îabalukke , ur- aÒ7-gi4 or puzur4- aÒ7-gi4 in UET (and possibly also northern) Babylonia during the Ur 3, 14/SDU 68; MVN 3, 268/SDU 73) and was always III period. We know that he acted as governor for at d 6 7 written aÒ7-gi4. Note also the AÒgi temple e2-u4- least 30 years, from Shulgi 33/iv (seal inscription of gim-x-x that was situated in either Adab or KeÒ (A. SAT 2, 79) until Shu-Suen 5/iii (SAT 3, 1592; MVN George, House Most High, 153). The e2-maÌ “Exalted 3, 268). Not only was Îabalukke in control of Adab house”, which is an element in the personal name ur- for a very long period of time,8 but he must also have e2-mah in line 7, was (together with the e2-sar “House been of considerable age when he fi nally retired. In of vegetation?”) the main temple in Adab (Adab, 99). our fi rst attestation of Îabalukke from Shulgi 33 we EmaÌ as an element in personal names is also attested in learn that he had a son called lu2-me-lam who was old e2-maÌ-ki-du10 who worked as a scribe in Adab (UET (and important) enough to receive very large amounts 3, 14/SDU 68). It should, however, be noted that this of barley as the regular delivery of the goddess Ninsun temple name is rather common and can be found in (see also OrSP 47-49, 186, from Shulgi 35). While it is several other Ur III cities (see House Most High, 119- reasonable to assume that Lu-melam, due to his father’s 120) and the personal name Ur-EmaÌ is common in infl uence, indeed would enjoy rapid success within the Ur III state. the state administration, we can hardly reckon that Îabalukke was much younger than 40 at this point. §5. Due to the lack of textual material from Adab, we know very little about the governor Îabalukke. §6. The tablet CMAA 015-C0019 measures 79 x 48 Nevertheless, we have every reason to assume that he mm and is 21 mm thick. For the date of the text, see was one of the most infl uential individuals in central the comment below. §7. CMAA 015-C0019 Transliteration Translation obv. obv. 1) 1(diÒ) an-na-Ìi-li mu-ni-im 1) One (man), his name is Ana-Ìili, 2) IR11 puzur4-ma-ma-kam 2) he is the servant of Puzur-Mama. 3) ur-dnin-mug ÒeÒ ama an-na-Ìi-li 3) Ur-Ninmug, the maternal uncle of Ana-Ìili, 4) ugu2 an-na-Ìi-li 4) on account of Ana-Ìili, 7 The latest decisive evidence of Ur-AÒgi actually being the governor of Adab stems, as far as I know, from Shulgi 29 (UET 3, 19/SDU 67). As already suggested by D. I. Owen d (MVN 3, 32, note 32), the well-known scribe ur- pa4-mu-ra continued to use his seal, dedicated to Ur-AÒgi, for several years after Îabalukke’s succession to the offi ce. As a matter of fact, Ur-Pamura even continued to use this “outdated” seal after he had acquired a new, correct one dedicated to Îabalukke (hence 5 For new and important information concerning the familial MVN 3, 188 [Shulgi 41] with old seal impression and NBC relations of the Adab governors Lu-AÒgi and Îabalukke, see N. 6726 [Shulgi 40] with new impression). Another possibility Vanderroost (forthcoming). would, of course, be that the text NBC 6726 simply was 6 Note that this theophoric element can be found in a number backdated one year. of cities/archives in the central or northern parts of Babylonia, 8 The considerable length of the reign of Îabalukke should be including the SI.A-a and Tºram-ilπ archives, Tell al-Wilayah considered in view of the fact that very few offi cials in the Ur and IÒæn Mizyad. In the SI.A-a archive, the name is written III period occupied their posts for more than 20 years and the d in the same form in Adab, while it always is written aÒ3-gi5 in average was much lower than that. Hence P. Michalowski has the Tºram-ilπ archive and in Tell al-Wilayah. In IÒæn Mizyad stated about the Ur III governors: “Most of them had reigns d d we fi nd the writing aÒ7-gi4 as well as the “compromise” aÒ3-gi4 which covered approximately ten years of so. The longest (see S. J. Garfi nkle, Private Enterprise in Babylonia at the End of tenure on record is that of Ur-Lisi of Umma who governed that the Third Millennium BC [Columbia University Dissertation, city for at least twenty-three years” (P. Michalowski, “Third Ann Arbor 2000] 123-124, with references; A. Cavigneaux, Millennium Contacts: Observations on the Relationship “Une nouvelle graphie du dieu AÒki,” NABU 1992/113). Between Mari and Ebla,” JAOS 105, 296). page 2 of 4 Cuneiform Digital Library Journal 2002:2 ar 5) di-bi i3-[gar] 5) he (i.e. Ur-Ninmug) brought a legal complaint. ki 6) igi Ìa-ba-lu5-ke4 ensi2 adab -ba 6) Before: Îabalukke, the governor of the city of Adab. 7) igi ur-e2-maÌ dumu x-x-x 7) Before: Ur-EmaÌ, the son of ..