Humanitarian Demining Technologies - Volume II-Final Report of the Lower Extremi... Page 1 of 1 Volume II-Final Report of the Lower Extremity Assessme (LEAP 99-2) Home Technologies AUGUST - 2000 Threats Participants: Process U.S. ARMY COMMUNICATIONS – ELECTRONICS COMMA Publications NIGHT VISION ELECTRONIC SENSORS DIRECTORATE U.S. ARMY INSTITUTE OF SURGICAL RESEARCH EXTRE TRAUMA STUDY BRANCH U.S. ARMY ABERDEEN TEST Contact Us U.S. ARMY SOLDIER SYSTEMS COMMAND Links Archive Report Cover (36 KB) Site Map Title Page (26 KB) Accessiblity LEAP 99-2 Report Volume 2 (1,146 KB) Appendix A-Detailed Medical Evaluations (79 Appendix B-Pretest Radiographs (825KB) Appendix C-Post test Radiographs (525 KB) Appendix D-Detailed Footwear Damage Ass Appendix D-Detailed Footwear Damage Ass Appendix D-Detailed Footwear Damage Ass Appendix D-Detailed Footwear Damage Ass Appendix D-Detailed Footwear Damage Ass Appendix E-Force Data (225 KB) http://www.humanitarian-demining.org/demining/pubs/protection/leap99-2/leap99_2_r... 6/16/2005 Robert M. Harris Mark S. Rountree Lanny V. Griffin Roman A. Hayda Terry Bice Stephen J. Mannion U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research Extremity Trauma Study Branch Fort Sam Houston, Texas Abstract Research conducted by Department of Defense laboratories and facilities, collaborating with leading academic institutions, has demonstrated that currently available landmine protective footwear does not prevent severe injury. This footwear potentially reduces injury severity against some antipersonnel mines. Volume 2 of the Lower Extremity Assessment Program (LEAP 99-2) discusses the change of injury pattern in a cadaver model wearing mine protective footwear during an antipersonnel blast mine detonation. Our analytical methodology developed to assess mine-protective footwear and injury severity associated with blast mines across the spectrum of threat is presented. iii iv Table of Contents Item Page Abstract...........................................................................................................................................iii Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................xi Contributors ...................................................................................................................................xi Foreword.......................................................................................................................................xiii Introduction.....................................................................................................................................1 Antipersonnel Landmine Development .....................................................................................1 Antipersonnel Landmine Burden...............................................................................................1 Antipersonnel Landmine Description .......................................................................................1 International Landmine Treaties ................................................................................................2 Demining Programs and Risk Assessment ................................................................................3 Development of U.S. Testing.....................................................................................................3 USAISR-ETSB Involvement.....................................................................................................3 Study Purpose ............................................................................................................................3 Methods and Materials...................................................................................................................3 Protocol Approval......................................................................................................................3 Specimen Issues.........................................................................................................................4 Footwear ....................................................................................................................................4 Mine Data ..................................................................................................................................5 Range Facilities..........................................................................................................................5 Instrumentation ..........................................................................................................................6 MTS ...........................................................................................................................................7 Test Procedures..........................................................................................................................8 Safety Issues ............................................................................................................................10 Data Collection ........................................................................................................................10 Statistical Analysis...................................................................................................................11 Results............................................................................................................................................11 Cadaver Demographics............................................................................................................11 Environmental Factors.............................................................................................................11 Photography, Video, and Cineradiography..............................................................................11 MTS .........................................................................................................................................12 Force Data................................................................................................................................16 Post-Test Evaluations ..............................................................................................................16 v Statistical Analysis...................................................................................................................16 Discussion ......................................................................................................................................20 Summary..................................................................................................................................20 Medical Aspects of Landmine Injury.......................................................................................21 ICRC Scoring System..............................................................................................................22 Civilian Scoring System ..........................................................................................................23 MTS Scoring System...............................................................................................................24 Models .....................................................................................................................................24 Instrumentation Data................................................................................................................25 Mine Protective Strategies .......................................................................................................26 Conclusions.....................................................................................................................................28 Recommendations...........................................................................................................................31 References.......................................................................................................................................33 Appendices Appendix A, (Detailed medical assessments).........................................................................A-1 Appendix B, (Pretest X-rays) .................................................................................................B-1 Appendix C, (Post-Test X-rays) .............................................................................................C-1 Mine Trauma Score 0.................................................................................................................................C-3 1.................................................................................................................................C-3 1A.................................................................................................................................C-4 1B.................................................................................................................................C-4 2.................................................................................................................................C-4 2A.................................................................................................................................C-5 2B.................................................................................................................................C-5 3.................................................................................................................................C-6 4.................................................................................................................................C-6