Powering Primary Healthcare through Solar in India Lessons from Chhattisgarh ADITYA RAMJI, SASMITA PATNAIK, SUNIL MANI, AND HEM H. DHOLAKIA Powering Primary Healthcare through Solar in India Lessons from Chhattisgarh ADITYA RAMJI, SASMITA PATNAIK, SUNIL MANI, AND HEM H. DHOLAKIA CEEW Report August 2017 ceew.in Copyright © 2017 Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) and Oxfam India All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission. A report on 'Powering Primary Healthcare through Solar in India: Lessons from Chattisgarh' Disclaimer: The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily refl ect the views and policies of CEEW or Oxfam India. 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It energy subsidies reform; decentralised energy in prides itself on the independence of its high quality India; energy storage technologies; India’s 2030 research, develops partnerships with public and renewable energy roadmap; solar roadmap for private institutions, and engages with wider public. Indian Railways; clean energy subsidies (for the Rio+20 Summit); and renewable energy jobs, In 2017, CEEW has once again been featured finance and skills. extensively across nine categories in the ‘2016 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report’, including CEEW’s major projects on climate, environment and being ranked as South Asia’s top think tank (14th resource security include advising and contributing globally) with an annual operating budget of less to climate negotiations (COP-21) in Paris; assessing than US$5 Million for the fourth year running. global climate risks; assessing India’s adaptation In 2016, CEEW was also ranked 2nd in India, gap; low-carbon rural development; environmental 4th outside Europe and North America, and 20th clearances; modelling HFC emissions; business case globally out of 240 think tanks as per the ICCG for phasing down HFCs; assessing India’s critical Climate Think Tank’s standardised rankings. mineral resources; geoengineering governance; In 2013 and 2014, CEEW was rated as India’s climate finance; nuclear power and low-carbon top climate change think-tank as per the ICCG pathways; electric rail transport; monitoring standardised rankings. air quality; business case for energy efficiency and emissions reductions; India’s first report on In seven years of operations, CEEW has engaged global governance, submitted to the National in more than 160 research projects, published well Security Adviser; foreign policy implications for over 100 peer-reviewed books, policy reports and resource security; India’s power sector reforms; papers, advised governments around the world resource nexus, and strategic industries and over 390 times, engaged with industry to encourage technologies for India’s National Security Advisory investments in clean technologies and improve Board; Maharashtra Guangdong partnership on efficiency in resource use, promoted bilateral and sustainability; and building Sustainable Cities. multilateral initiatives between governments on more than 50 occasions, helped state governments CEEW’s major projects on water governance and with water and irrigation reforms, and organised security include the 584-page National Water more than 190 seminars and conferences. Resources Framework Study for India’s 12th Five Year Plan; irrigation reform for Bihar; Swachh CEEW’s major projects on energy policy include Bharat; supporting India’s National Water Mission; India’s largest energy access survey (ACCESS); collective action for water security; mapping the first independent assessment of India’s solar India’s traditional water bodies; modelling water- mission; the Clean Energy Access Network energy nexus; circular economy of water; and (CLEAN) of hundreds of decentralised clean multi-stakeholder initiatives for urban water energy firms; India’s green industrial policy; the management. Acknowledgements The authors of the report would like to thank Anand Sahu (Programme Manager), State Health Oxfam for financially supporting the study. We are Mission (NHM), Government of Chhattisgarh, Mr also thankful to Morsel Research and Development Sanjeev Jain (Chief Engineer) and Mr Rajeev Gyani Private Ltd. for their efforts on the ground and (Executive Engineer), Chhattisgarh State Renewable efficiently administering the survey and collecting Energy Development Agency (CREDA) for their on- the data, and Ms. Kangkanika Neog for assistance ground support and inputs, during the study. with creating the GIS maps. We would further like to thank the reviewers, Mr. We would like to thank Dr Soumya Swaminathan Jarnail Singh (India Director, The Climate Group) (Director General), Indian Council of Medical and Dr. H.P.S Sachdev (Consultant, Sitaram Bhartia Research, Government of India, for the support to Institute of Science and Research) for their critical make this study possible. We would also like to thank comments and feedback, which helped us improve Dr Surendra Pambhoi (Deputy Director) and Mr the report. About the Authors ADITYA RAMJI SASMITA PATNAIK Aditya Ramji worked as a Programme Lead at Sasmita Patnaik is a Programme Lead at the Coun- CEEW focusing closely on issues related to ener- cil on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW). gy access, health and energy and sustainability in She has over fi ve years of research and consulting the Rail sector. He is an energy and development experience in rural development, sustainability and economist by training with a specialisation in envi- social entrepreneurship. Her work has largely fo- ronmental and resource economics. His key areas cussed at the intersection of developmental issues of research have been development policy, energy including environment, health, labour, and sus- access and energy policy, programme implementa- tainable fi nance. She has co-authored research for tion and impact evaluation. Prior to joining CEEW, UNDP on social entrepreneurship and facilitated he worked with The Energy and Resources Insti- multi-stakeholder projects across sectors. She has tute (TERI), New Delhi, as a Research Associate also conducted strategic research for project devel- with the Green Growth and Development Divi- opment for donors and non-profi ts. Her work in sion, dealing specifi cally with issues pertaining to sustainability involved assessment of sustainability green growth, sustainable development and energy policy and practices of industries around biodi- security. He has also published in leading academic versity and land use, health and safety and carbon journals including the Journal of Energy and Jour- emissions. nal of Energy Policy (Elsevier Publications). He Sasmita is a Felix scholar, and holds an M.Sc. de- currently also serves as a Member of the Working gree from School of Oriental and African Studies Group under the Initiative for Solar in Healthcare (SOAS) and a Post Graduate Diploma in Rural constituted by the Indian Council of Medical Re- Management from Xavier Institute of Manage- search, Government of India and as a Member of ment, Bhubaneswar (XIMB). Her dissertation re- the Environmental Working Group of the World search at SOAS focussed on the growth of ‘Energy Federation of Public Health Associations (WF- Democracy’ in Europe and its implications for the PHA). environmental justice movement, especially in the current discourse around climate change. SUNIL MANI HEM H. DHOLAKIA Sunil Mani works as a Research Analyst at the Hem H. Dholakia is a Senior Research Associate Council on Energy, Environment and Water with the Council of Energy, Environment and Wa- (CEEW). He holds an interest in health and energy, ter. His research addresses the linkages between en- policy analysis and social and economic develop- ergy, environment, human health and public policy