012-05479A2/95 Instruction Manual and Experiment Guide for the PASCO scientific Model ME-6825 MINI LAUNCHER 9 0 DO NOT PUSH Third Click Second Click First Click 8 0 PISTON Long Range Medium Range Short Range Use 16 mm steel balls ONLY! 7 WITH 0 FINGER! 6 0 Launch DO NOT LOOK Push with Pen or Rod 50 CAUTION! DOWN BARREL. 4 Until Piston Clicks 0 40 Position WEAR 30 30 of Ball SAFETY 20 20 GLASSES 10 0 10 WHEN IN USE. ME-6825 MINI LAUNCHER $10.00 better ways to teach physics © 1995 PASCO scientific 10101 Foothills Blvd. • P.O. Box 619011 • Roseville, CA 95678-9011 USA Phone (916) 786-3800 • FAX (916) 786-8905 • email: [email protected] 012-05479A Mini Launcher Table of Contents Section Page Copyright, Warranty, and Equipment Return .....................................................ii Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 Equipment ........................................................................................................ 2 General Operation Of The Mini Launcher ......................................................... 3 Installation Of The Optional Photogate Bracket ................................................. 4 Installing the 2-Dimensional Collision Attachment ............................................ 5 Expectations For The Mini Launcher ................................................................ 5 Launch Positions ............................................................................................... 6 Experiments 1. Projectile Motion ................................................................................... 7 2. Projectile Motion Using Photogates ...................................................... 11 3. Projectile Range versus Angle .............................................................. 15 4. Projectile Path ...................................................................................... 19 5. Conservation of Energy ........................................................................ 23 6. Conservation of Momentum in Two Dimensions .................................. 27 7. Varying Angle to Maximize Height on a Wall ...................................... 31 8. Demo: Do 30° and 60° Give Same Range? ........................................... 33 9. Demo: Simultaneously Shoot Two Balls Horizontally at Different Speeds ......................................................... 34 10. Demo: Shooting through Hoops........................................................... 35 Technical Support ..................................................................................... back cover i Mini Launcher 012-05479A Copyright, Warranty and Equipment Return Please—Feel free to duplicate this manual subject to the copyright restrictions below. Copyright Notice Equipment Return The PASCO scientific Model ME-6825 Mini Launcher Should this product have to be returned to PASCO manual is copyrighted and all rights reserved. However, scientific, for whatever reason, notify PASCO scientific permission is granted to non-profit educational institu- by letter or phone BEFORE returning the product. Upon tions for reproduction of any part of this manual provid- notification, the return authorization and shipping instruc- ing the reproductions are used only for their laboratories tions will be promptly issued. and are not sold for profit. Reproduction under any other circumstances, without the written consent of PASCO ➤ NOTE: scientific, is prohibited. NO EQUIPMENT WILL BE ACCEPTED FOR RETURN WITHOUT AN AUTHORIZATION. Limited Warranty When returning equipment for repair, the units must be PASCO scientific warrants this product to be free from packed properly. Carriers will not accept responsibility defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one for damage caused by improper packing. To be certain year from the date of shipment to the customer. PASCO the unit will not be damaged in shipment, observe the will repair or replace, at its option, any part of the product following rules: which is deemed to be defective in material or workman- ship. This warranty does not cover damage to the product ➀ The carton must be strong enough for the item caused by abuse or improper use. Determination of shipped. whether a product failure is the result of a manufacturing ➁ Make certain there is at least two inches of packing defect or improper use by the customer shall be made material between any point on the apparatus and the solely by PASCO scientific. Responsibility for the return inside walls of the carton. of equipment for warranty repair belongs to the customer. Equipment must be properly packed to prevent damage ➂ Make certain that the packing material can not shift in and shipped postage or freight prepaid. (Damage caused the box, or become compressed, thus letting the instru- by improper packing of the equipment for return ship- ment come in contact with the edge of the box. ment will not be covered by the warranty.) Shipping costs for returning the equipment, after repair, will be paid by PASCO scientific. Address: PASCO scientific 10101 Foothills Blvd. P.O. Box 619011 Roseville, CA 95678-9011 Phone: (916) 786-3800 FAX: (916) 786-8905 Credits This manual authored by: Jon Hanks ii 012-05479A Mini Launcher Introduction The PASCO Mini Launcher has been designed for •FIXED ELEVATION INDEPENDENT OF projectile experiments and demonstrations. The only ANGLE: additional equipment required is a C-clamp or ME-9376B Universal Table Clamp for clamping the Launcher to a m steel balls ONLY! Ball table. The features of the Mini Launcher include: Center of mass •LAUNCH AT ANY ANGLE Between -45° and 90°: Launch Pen or Rod Balls can be launched at any angle from 0 to 90 de- ton Clicks Position grees measured above the horizontal. The magnetic of Ball piston holds the steel ball in position for launch at Outer edge any angle from 0 to 45 degrees measured below the of Ball horizontal. AUNCHER 9 0 DO NOT PUSH The Mini Launcher can be mounted so that it piv- 8 0 PISTON ots at the muzzle end. The elevation of the ball as WITH 7 0 FINGER! it leaves the barrel does not change as the angle is 6 0 varied. 5 0 4 •REPEATABLE RESULTS: 0 40 WEAR 30 30 20 20 There is no spin on the ball since the piston keeps SAFETY 10 10 GLASSES 0 the ball from rubbing on the walls as it travels up the WHEN IN USE. barrel. The sturdy base can be secured to a table with a C- clamp or a ME-9376B Universal Table Clamp (not included) so there is very little recoil. The trig- The angle is easily adjusted using the thumb screw. ger is pulled with a string to minimize jerking. The built-in protractor and plumb bob on the side of the launcher give a convenient and accurate way of •COMPUTER COMPATIBLE: determining the angle of inclination. Photogates may be attached with the accessory • THREE RANGE SETTINGS: bracket (ME-6821) to connect the Mini Launcher to a computer to measure the muzzle speed. Also a There are three ranges from which to choose. They photogate at the muzzle and the Time of Flight ac- are approximately 0.5 meter, 1.0 meter, and 2.0 cessory (ME-6810) can be used to time the flight of meters, when the angle is 45 degrees and measured the ball. from table top to table top. N! IO SH UT PU A MINI LAUNCHER T ON C N' ST H DO PI IT W R! GE FIN ME-6825 0 4 9 0 0 3 8 0 0 2 70 10 60 5 0 0 0 40 30 20 1 AR WE TY . FE ES SE SA SS U LA IN G EN WH 0 0.5 m 1 m 2 m 1 012-05479A Equipment Safety Goggles Mini Launcher The ME-6825 Mini Launcher includes the following: •Launcher and Base (Assembled) Collision Attachment •(2) 16mm Steel Balls •String (to pull trigger) •Collision Attachment •Safety Goggles Pushrod •Pushrod •Manual Trigger Launcher String Projectile Balls 9 0 DO NOT PUSH Third Click Second Click First Click 8 0 PISTON Long Range Medium Range Short Range Use 16 mm steel balls ONLY! 7 WITH 0 FINGER! 6 0 Launch DO NOT LOOK Push with Pen or Rod 50 CAUTION! DOWN BARREL. 4 Until Piston Clicks 0 40 Position WEAR 30 30 of Ball SAFETY 20 20 GLASSES 10 0 10 WHEN IN USE. ME-6825 MINI LAUNCHER Base Scale Indicator 2 012-05479A Mini Launcher General Operation of the Mini Launcher ➀ Ready ➤ NOTE: Use only 16 mm steel balls with the Mini Launcher. A ferro-magnetic material is re- -Always wear safety goggles when you are in a room quired to work with the negative angles (0 to - 45°). where the Mini Launcher is being used. -Place the ball in the barrel. Push the ball down the ➤ WARNING: Never look down the front of barrel with the pushrod until the trigger catches the the barrel because it may be loaded. Safety piston. One audible click indicates that the piston is goggles are provided for use when operating cocked in the shortest range setting, two clicks indi- the Mini Launcher. Always assume that the cate the medium range and three clicks set the piston barrel is loaded! on the long range setting. -Tie the string to the trigger before loading. Third Click Second Click First Click -The base of the Mini Launcher can be clamped to Long Range Medium Range Short Range the edge of a table using the clamp of your choice. When shooting onto the floor, it is desir- able to have the label side of the Launcher even with one edge of the table so a plumb bob can be - Remove the pushrod. used to locate the position of the muzzle with re- ➤ WARNING: Do not push the piston with spect to the floor. (➤ NOTE: The sturdy base your finger. Your knuckle may get stuck. may also be placed directly on the table top.) -The Mini Launcher can be mounted to shoot onto ➃ Shoot the table