DOCUMENT RESUME ED 097 207 SE 018 210 AUTHOR Maxwell, Fowden G., Ed.; Barris,P. A., Ed. TITLE Proceedings of the Summer Instituteon Biological Control of Plant Insects and Diseases. PUB DATE 74 VOTE 655p. AVAILABLE FROMTh'3 University Press of Mississippi,3825 Ridgewood Road, Jackson, MS 39211 ($12.50) !DRS PRICE MF-$1.05 HC-$31.80 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS *Agricultural Production; Agriculture;Biological Sciences; Biology; *Entomology; Insecticides;Natural Resources; *Pesticides; *Plant Pathology; *Plant Science IDENTIFIERS Pest Management ABSTRACT This institute, conducted at MississippiState University, was an outgrowth of theCouncil of Higher Education in the Agricultural Science's effortsto study the needs and opportunities for the advancement ofscientific knowledge in land grant institutions and recommendprograms for implementation. The prceedings serve as an informationsource to those interested in isplementing and/or further developingprograms concerning pest management. Focusing on the Southern regionof the United States, the publilation is divided into fiveparts as follows: Part I, Concepts of ?est Management, includes historicalperspectives, ecological principles, approaches to measuringpopulations and the life system concepts. Part II, Parasites and Predictorsof Arthropods, consists of statements on such topicsas the status of biological control procedures, identification and classification,means to increase natural enemies and selectiveuse of in.Acticides. Part III discusses biological control of weeds, includingaquatic weeds. Part IV, Host Plant Resistance for Control ofPlant Pathogens and Insects, includes statements on disease resistance, techniquesof breeding for resistance and biochemical bases ofresistance of plants. Part V, Insect Pathogens, comprises microbiologicaldiscussions including bacteria, viral, protozoan and fun3a1pathogens. (MLB) BEST COPYAVAILABLE CTti CD PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUMMER INSTITUTE L1J ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT INSECTS AND DISEASES 10 U.S. DEPARTMENT OPHEALTH. EDUCATIONS WELPARE EDITED BY NATIONAL INSTITUTEOP EDUCATION THISDOCUMENT HAS SEEN FOWDEN G. MAXWELL OUCED EXAcTLy AS REPRO RECEIVEO FROM and THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATIONORIGIN ATING IT POINTSorviEwomopiNion F. A. HARRIS STATED 00 NOT NECESSARILY SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL REPUE INSTITUTE DF EDUCATION POSITIONOR POLICY "PERMISSION TO REPROOUCETHIS COPY. RIGHTEO MATERIAL HASSEEN GRANTED SY Fowden G.Maxwell TO ERIC ANO ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING UNDER AGREEMENTS WITHTHE NATIONAL IN. STITUTE OF EDUCATION FURTHER REPRO. RUCTION OUTSIDE THE ERICSYSTEM RE- WIRES PERMISSION OFTHE COPYRIGHT OWNER UNIVERSITY PRESS OF MISSISSIPPI JACKSON AllAILIC: BES1COPY Copyright 4: 1974 by The University Press of Mississippi Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 74-77456 ISBN 0-87805-0A0-4 Manufactured in the United States of America This volume is authorized End sponsored by Southern Regional Education Board U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Office of Environmental Education Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Mississippi State University Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762 BEST coo, AVAILABLE Table of Contents Page Acknowledgments vi Foreword vii Part I: Concepts of Pest Management Pest Management: History, Current Status and Future Progress - L. D. Newsom 1 Ecological Principles as a Basis for Pest Management in the Agroecosystem - R. L. Rabb, R. E. Stinner & G. A. Carlson 19 Populations Defined and Approaches to Measuring Population Density, Dispersal, and Dispersion - R. E. Fye 46 The Life System Concept as a Guide tUnderstanding Population Dynamics - F. M. Davis 62 Part II: Parasites and Predators of.Arthropods Status of Biological Control Procedures that Involve Parasites and Predators - Bryan P. Beirne 69 Identification and Classification in Pest Management Control - Paul W. Oman 77 Criteria for Determination of Candidate Hosts and for Selection of Biotic Agents - F. D. Bennett 87 Foreign Exploration and Importation of Exotic Arthropod Parasites and Predators - R. I. Sailer Production and Supplemental Releases of P.s.rasites and Predators for Control of Insect and Spider Mite Pests of Crops - R. L. Ridgway, R. E. Kinzer & R. K. Morrison 110 Rearing and Quarantine of Imported Parasites and Predators - J. S. Kelleher 117 Release, Establishment and Evaluation of Parasites and Predators - F. W. Stehr 124 Increasing Natural Enemy Resources Through Crop Rotation and Strip Cropping - M. L. Laster 137 Natural Populations of Entomophagous Arthropods and Their Effect on the Agroecosystem - W. H. Whitcomb 150 Increasing Natural Enemies Through Use of Supplementary Feeding and Non-Target Prey - K. S. Hagen & Roy Hale 170 Use of Economic Thresholds and Scouting as the Basis for Using Parasites and Predators in the Integrated Control Programs - Charles Lincoln 182 8FSI COPY AVAILAM1 Page Selective Use of Insecticides in Pest Management- Robert L. Metcalf 190 Part III: Biological Control of Weeds Biological Control of Weeds: Introduction, History, Theoretical and Practical Applications - K. E. Frick 204 Biological Control of Aquatic Weeds- F. D. Bennett 224 Part IV: Host Plant Resistance for Control of Plant Pathogens and Insects Host Plant Resistance to Plant Pathogens and Insects: History, Current Status, and Future Outlook - John F. Schafer 238 Utilization of Biological Agents Other Than Host. Resistance for Control of Plant Pathogens - Thor Kommedahl 248 Breeding for Disease Resistance in Cereals - E. G. Heyne 258 Techniques, Accomplishments, and Future Outlook in Breeding Vegetables for Resistance to Disease - Raymon E. Webb 264 Some Aspects of Disease Resistance in Cotton - A. B. Wiles 274 Corn Breeding and the Association of Male Sterility with Infection by Helminthosporium ma dis and Possible Action of Fusarium moniliforme - N. C. Futrell 6 Nusrat-2. Naqvi 281 Theoretical Aspects of Host Plant Specificity in Insects- S. D. Beck 290 Techniques, Accomplishments and Potential of Insect Resistance in Forage Legumes - Ernst Horber 312 Techniques, Accomplishments, and Future Potential of Host Plant Resistance to Diabrotica - E. E. Ortman, T. F. Branson 6 E. D. Gerlofr 344 Techniques, Accomplishments and Future Potential of Breeding for Resistance to European Corn Borers in Corn- W. D. Guthrie . 359 Techniques, Accomplishments and Future Potential of Breeding for Resistance in Corn to the Corn Earworm, Fall Armyworm, and Maize Weevil; and in Sorghum to the Sorghum Midge - B. R. Wiseman, W. W. McMillian 6 N. W. Widstrom 381 Use of Host Plant Resistance in Pest Management or Eradication Schemes - Johnie N. Jenkins 394 Genetic Interrelationships Between Host and Organism and Influence on Resistance - R. L. Gallun 395 Biochemical Bases of Resistance of Plants to Pathogens- A. A. Bell . 403 BEST COPY AVAliABLE Page Biochemical Basis of Resistance of Plants to Pathogens and Insects: Insect Hormone Mimics and Selected Examples of Other Biologically Active Chemicals Derived from Plants - Jerome A. Klun 463 Biochemical Basis of Resistance of Plants to Insect Antibiotic Factors Other Than Phytohormones - Ted N. Shaver 485 Insect Plant Attractants, Feeding Stimulants, Repellents, Deterrents, and Other Related Factors Affecting Insect Pehavior - P. A. Hedin, F. G. Maxwell & J. N. Jenkins 494 Part V: Insect Pathogens The Development and Progress of Insect Microbial Control- A. M. Heimpel 528 Microbiological Control of Insects: Bacterial Pathogens - T. A. Angus 532 Microbiological Control of Insects: Viral Pathogens - C. M. Ignoffo 541 Protozoan Pathogens - William R. Kellen 558 Fungal Pathogens and Their Use in the Microbial Control of Insects and Mites - C. W. McCoy 564 Nematode Parasites - S. R. Dutky 576 Dispersion of Pathogens - I. M. Hall 591 Production of Microbial Control Agents - H. T. Huang 599 Insect Pathogens: Integration Into a Pest Management System - L. A. Falcor 618 Safety of Insect Pathogens - A. M. Heimpel 628 Information and Assistance in the Use of Microbial Agents - J. D. Briggs 641 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The editors wish to thank the Southern Regional Education Board and Dr. T. J. Horne for sponsoring and supporting in part this important Institute on the Biological Control of Plant Insects and Diseases. We wish also to acknowledge the support of the B.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Office of Environmental Education, for their support in helping to publish these proceedings. Deep appreciation is extended to each of the participants and to each of the faculty of the Department of Entomology, Mississippi State University, for their hard work which contributed to the success of the Institute. , special thanks are given to Mrs. Henry Green for typing of this manuscript and for other invaluable services in preparation and editing. Appreciation is expressed to Professor C. A. Wilson and Dr. L. W. Hepner for their assistance in proofreading. Fowden G. Maxwell F. A. Harris Editors vi mtruuiBLIE FOREWORD Since the formation of the Council of Higher Education in the Agricultural Sciences in lt)56, the Southern Regional Education Board has been concerned with planning and implementing programs designed to strergthen and expand the oppor- tunities in high quality educatic in agriculture and its related sciences at the college level. The Council has served effectively in formulating policy and pro- viding general guidance for further program development. Currently, the Council is guiding e five-year Southern Regional Education Board project, supported by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation, designed to advan a land grant