ercim-news.ercim.eu Number 125 April 2021 ERCIM NEWS Special theme: Brain-inspired Computing Also in this issue Research and Innovation: Human-like AI JoinCt ONTENTS Editorial Information JOINT ERCIM ACTIONS ERCIM News is the magazine of ERCIM. Published quarterly, it reports 4 ERCIM-JST Joint Symposium on Big Data and on joint actions of the ERCIM partners, and aims to reflect the contribu - Artificial Intelligence tion made by ERCIM to the European Community in Information Technology and Applied Mathematics. Through short articles and news 5 ERCIM “Alain Bensoussan” Fellowship Programme items, it provides a forum for the exchange of information between the institutes and also with the wider scientific community. This issue has a circulation of about 6,000 printed copies and is also available online. SPECIAL THEME ERCIM News is published by ERCIM EEIG The special theme “Brain-inspired Computing” has been BP 93, F-06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France coordinated by the guest editors Robert Haas (IBM +33 4 9238 5010, [email protected] Research Europe) and Michael Pfeiffer (Bosch Center for Director: Philipp Hoschka, ISSN 0926-4981 Artificial Intelligence) Contributions Introduction to the Special Theme Contributions should be submitted to the local editor of your country 6 Brain-inspired Computing by Robert Haas (IBM Research Europe) and Michael Copyrightnotice Pfeiffer (Bosch Center for Artificial Intelligence) All authors, as identified in each article, retain copyright of their work. ERCIM News is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 8 Biologically Inspired Dynamics Enhance Deep International License (CC-BY). Learning by Stanisław Woźniak, Thomas Bohnstingl and Advertising Angeliki Pantazi (IBM Research – Europe) For current advertising rates and conditions, see https://ercim-news.ercim.eu/ or contact [email protected] 9 Effective and Efficient Spiking Recurrent Neural Networks ERCIMNewsonlineedition: ercim-news.ercim.eu/ by Bojian Yin (CWI), Federico Corradi (IMEC Holst Centre) and Sander Bohté (CWI) Nextissue: July 2021: Privacy-preserving Computation 11 Back-propagation Now Works in Spiking Neural Networks! Subscription by Timothée Masquelier (UMR5549 CNRS – Subscribe to ERCIM News by sending an email to Université Toulouse 3) [email protected] 12 Building Brains EditorialBoard: by Steve Furber (The University of Manchester) Central editor: Peter Kunz, ERCIM office ([email protected]) 14 The BrainScaleS Accelerated Analogue Neuromorphic Architecture Local Editors: by Johannes Schemmel (Heidelberg University, • Christine Azevedo Coste, Inria, France ([email protected]) Germany) • Andras Benczur, SZTAKI, Hungary ([email protected]) • José Borbinha, Univ. of Technology Lisboa, Portugal ([email protected]) 15 BrainScaleS: Greater Versatility for Neuromorphic • Are Magnus Bruaset, SIMULA, Norway ([email protected]) Emulation • Monica Divitini, NTNU, Norway ([email protected]) by Andreas Baumbach (Heidelberg University, • Marie-Claire Forgue, ERCIM/W3C ([email protected]) University of Bern), Sebastian Billaudelle (Heidelberg • Lida Harami, FORTH-ICT , Greece ([email protected]) University), Virginie Sabado (University of Bern) and • Athanasios Kalogeras, ISI, Greece ([email protected]) Mihai A. Petrovici (University of Bern, Heidelberg • Georgia Kapitsaki, Univ. of Cyprus, Cyprus ([email protected]) University) • Annette Kik, CWI, The Netherlands ([email protected]) • Hung Son Nguyen, Unviv. of Warsaw, Poland ([email protected]) 17 Fast and Energy-efficient Deep Neuromorphic • Alexander Nouak, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Germany Learning ([email protected]) by Julian Göltz (Heidelberg University, University of • Maria Rudenschöld, RISE, Sweden ([email protected]) Bern), Laura Kriener (University of Bern), Virginie • Harry Rudin, Switzerland ([email protected]) Sabado (University of Bern) and Mihai A. Petrovici • Erwin Schoitsch, AIT, Austria ([email protected]) (University of Bern, Heidelberg University) • Thomas Tamisier,LIST, Luxembourg ([email protected]) • Maurice ter Beek, ISTI-CNR, Italy ([email protected]) 19 Higher Cognitive Functions in Bio-Inspired Artificial Intelligence Cover photo by Josh Riemer on Unsplash. by Frédéric Alexandre, Xavier Hinaut, Nicolas Rougier and Thierry Viéville (Inria) 2 ERCIM NEWS 125 April 2021 20 Self-Organizing Machine Architecture 39 NEUROTECH - A European Community of Experts by Bernard Girau (Université de Lorraine), Benoît on Neuromorphic Technologies Miramond (Université Côte d’Azur), Nicolas Rougier by Melika Payvand, Elisa Donati and Giacomo Indiveri (Inria Bordeaux) and Andres Upegui (University of (University of Zurich) Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland) 40 NeuroAgents – Autonomous Intelligent Agents that 22 Reentrant Self-Organizing Map: Toward Brain- Interact with the Environment in Real Time inspired Multimodal Association by Giacomo Indiveri (University of Zurich and ETH by Lyes Khacef (University of Groningen), Laurent Zurich) Rodriguez and Benoît Miramond (Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS) RESEARCH ANd INNOvATION 24 Brain-inspired Learning Drives Advances in Neuromorphic Computing 42 Human-like AI by Nasir Ahmad (Radboud University), Bodo by Dave Raggett, (W3C/ERCIM) Rueckauer (University of Zurich and ETH Zurich) and Marcel van Gerven (Radboud University) 44 Graph-based Management of Neuroscience Data: Representation, Integration and Analysis 25 Memory Failures Provide Clues for more Efficient by Maren Parnas Gulnes (University of Oslo / SINTEF Compression AS), Ahmet Soylu (OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan by Dávid G. Nagy, Csenge Fráter and Gergő Orbán University) and Dumitru Roman (SINTEF AS) (Wigner Research Center for Physics) 45 The ICARUS Ontology: A General Aviation 27 Neuronal Communication Process Opens New Ontology Directions in Image and Video Compression Systems by Joanna Georgiou, Chrysovalantis Christodoulou, by Effrosyni Doutsi (FORTH-ICS), Marc Antonini George Pallis and Marios Dikaiakos (University of (I3S/CNRS) and Panagiotis Tsakalides (University of Cyprus) Crete and FORTH/ICS) 47 Security Management and the Slow Adoption of 28 Fulfilling Brain-inspired Hyperdimensional Blockchains Computing with In-memory Computing by Peter Kieseberg, Simon Tjoa and Herfried Geyer (St. by Abbas Rahimi, Manuel Le Gallo and Abu Sebastian Pölten University of Applied Sciences) (IBM Research Europe) 48 Trick the System: Towards Understanding 30 E = AI 2 Automatic Speech Recognition Systems by Marco Breiling, Bijoy Kundu (Fraunhofer Institute by Karla Markert (Fraunhofer AISEC) for Integrated Circuits IIS) and Marc Reichenbach (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg) 50 ACCORDION: Edge Computing for NextGen Applications 32 Brain-inspired Visual-Auditory Integration Yielding by Patrizio Dazzi ) Near Optimal Performance – Modelling and Neuromorphic Algorithms by Timo Oess and Heiko Neumann (Ulm University) ANNOuNCEMENTS 34 Touch in Robots: A Neuromorphic Approach 51 Dagstuhl Seminars and Perspectives Workshops by Ella Janotte (Italian Institute of Technology), Michele Mastella Elisabetta Chicca (University of 51 W3C Workshop on Wide Color Gamut and High Groningen) and Chiara Bartolozzi (Italian Institute of Dynamic Range for the Web Technology) 51 W3C Workshop on Smart Cities 35 Uncovering Neuronal Learning Principles through Artificial Evolution 51 Horizon Europe Project Management by Henrik D. Mettler (University of Bern), Virginie Sabado (University of Bern), Walter Senn (University of Bern), Mihai A. Petrovici (University of Bern and Heidelberg University) and Jakob Jordan (University of Bern) 37 What Neurons Do – and Don’t Do by Martin Nilsson (RISE Research Institutes of Sweden) and Henrik Jörntell (Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science) ERCIM NEWS 125 April 2021 3 Joint ERCIM Actions • Establishing the advanced disaster reduction management system by fusion of real-time disaster simulation and big data assimilation by Prof. Shunichi Koshimura, Interna - tional Research Institute of Disaster Science,Tohoku Univ. • Exploring etiologies, sub-classification, and risk predic - tion of diseases based on big-data analysis of clinical and ERCIM-JST Joint whole omics data in medicine, by Prof. Tatsuhiko Tsuno - da, Graduate School of Science, Univ. of Tokyo Symposium on Big data • Early detection and forecasting of pandemics using large- scale biological data: designing intervention strategy by and Artificial Intelligence Prof. Kimihito Ito (on Account for Hiroshi Nishiura (PI)), Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis ERCIM and Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Control, Hokkaido Univ. have organised the first joint symposium on Big Data and • Statistical computational cosmology with big astronomi - Artificial Intelligence, held on 18 and 19 February 2021. The cal data by Prof. Naoki Yoshida, Department of online symposium aimed to present recent results of research Physics/Kavli IPMU, Univ. of Tokyo conducted in the context of the JST CREST programme, as • Data-driven analysis of the mechanism of animal develop - well as relevant research results from European institutions. ment by Shuichi Onami, RIKEN Center for Biosystems The meeting provided the opportunity to the participants Dynamics Research from Japan and Europe to familiarize themselves with recent • Knowledge Discovery by Constructing AgriBigData by research results and consider collaboration prospects that Masayuki Hirafuji, Graduate School of Agricultural and will arise in the context