© 2019 JETIR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Physico Chemical Studies and Zooplankton Diversity Studies of Three Lakes in Hyderabad City, Telangana, India Dr. G. Y. Bhargavi1, S. Ram Gopal Reddy2 1. Department of Zoology, Sarojini Naidu Vanitha Mahavidyalaya, Nampally, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. 2. Department of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. ABSTRACT Zooplanktons are cosmopolitan in nature and they are found to inhabit all freshwater tropical wetlands. The present investigation deals with the study of monthly changes of diversity and density of Zooplankton in three lakes named Saroornagar Lake, Noor Mohammed Kunta (Katedhan Lake) and Mir Alam tank of Hyderabad City. The work was carried out for a period of two years from June 2014 to May 2016. The samples were analyzed on the same day for different physico-chemical factors like Water -2 - - ++ ++ -2 -3 3- temp, pH, CO3 , HCO3 , Cl , O.M, T.H, Ca , Mg , T.S, TDS, SO4 , PO4 , NO , SiO2, DO, BOD following the standard methods (APHA, 1995). The population status of Zooplankton categorized into four major groups, viz, Rotifera > Cladocerans > Cyclopoid-Copepods> Ostracods. Rotifera were the dominant group of Zooplankton recorded with respect to diversity and population density status in all the three lakes. KEYWORDS Zooplankton, diversity, physicochemical, Saroornagar Lake, Noor Mohammed Kunta (Katedhan Lake),Mir Alam Tank, Hyderabad City INTRODUCTION Freshwater ecosystem is under expanding dangers and weights all through the world (Dudgeon et al., 2005; Pattnaik, 2007). This has been overstrained and harmed in different ways like mechanical squanders, sewage, horticultural overflow with chemical squanders and abundance supplements. Releases of poisons debase the nature of water, just as influencing the soundness of sea-going ecosystems. Freshwater of the world is on the whole encountering quickening rates of subjective and quantitative corruption (Wetzel, 1992). As per Dudgeon et al. (2005) dangers to worldwide freshwater biodiversity under five classifications JETIR1906616 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 219 © 2019 JETIR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) like over misuse, water pollution, stream adjustment, annihilation and debasement of living space and intrusion of extraordinary species. These consolidated and associating impacts have brought about the populace decay and range decrease of freshwater biodiversity around the world. Freshwater condition has much faunal diversity, among them zooplankton plays a huge job in interlinking sustenance web and vitality move. All things considered, numerous examinations prescribe that the network size of chosen real zooplankton as biological markers for evaluating the trophic status and water quality (Ferdous and Muktadir, 2009; Haberman and Haldna, 2014). Thus, eutrophication is one of the most pervasive environmental issues in charge of water quality corruption around the world. There are numerous examinations showing the impact of eutrophication on changes in the bounty and structure of zooplankton (Gliwicz, 1969; Patalas, 1972; Maier, 1998). The present examination means to survey the trophic status of a water system tank through zooplankton species piece, diversity alongside couple of physicochemical components. Study area Hyderabad is the capital of southern India's Telangana state. A noteworthy community for the innovation business, its home to numerous upscale restaurents and shops. Its memorable destinations incorporate Golconda Fort, a previous precious stone exchanging focus that was before the Qutb Shahi dynastic capital. Important facts Area: 650 km² Elevation: 505 m Weather: 36°C, Wind W at 5 km/h, 78% Humidity Population: 2.637 million (3001) (UNdata). Description of Stations selected for study in Hyderabad Station I: Saroornagar Lake: Saroornagar Lake is a lake in Hyderabad, India. From the year of its creation in 1626, the lake remained largely clean until 1956 when Hyderabad expanded. Spread over 99 acres (40 ha), the lake was restored by the Hyderabad Urban Development Authority in 2003–04 at a cost of ₹200 million (US$2.9 million). After the restoration of the lake, migratory birds returned to the lake in big numbers a few years later. JETIR1906616 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 220 © 2019 JETIR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Station II: Lake Noor Mohammed Kunta (Katedhan Lake): Lake Noor Mohammed Kunta (Lake NMK) is a small surface water body located in Kattedan Industrial Estate (KIE) of Rajendranagar Municipality in Shivrampally Village of Rangareddy district in the southern suburbs of Hyderabad City has water spread of 27 acres and an independent catchment area of 175 hectares. It flows down to Shivarampally lake then to Voora cheruvu and ultimately to Mir Alam tank. Station III: Mir Alam Tank: Mir Alam Tank is a reservoir in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It is located to the south of Musi river. It was the primary source of drinking water to Hyderabad before Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar were built. It is connected to National Highway7 near Palm Valley (Tadbun). The tank is named after Mir Alam Bahadur, then Prime Minister of Hyderabad State (1804 - 1808), during the reign of Asaf Jah III, the third Nizam of Hyderabad state. Mir Alam laid the foundation for the tank on 20 July 1804 and it was completed in about two years on 8 June 1806. Nehru Zoological Park lies adjacent to the tank and Telangana Tourism operates boats on the lake, for which one has to enter through the zoo. Materials and Methods The water samples from the surface were collected from the three sampling stations every month in polythene cans for a period of 2 years from June 2014 to May 2016. The samples were analyzed on the same -2 - - ++ ++ day for different physico-chemical factors like Water temp, pH, CO3 , HCO3 , Cl , O.M, T.H, Ca , Mg , -2 -3 3- T.S, TDS, SO4 , PO4 , NO , SiO2, DO, BOD following the standard methods (APHA, 1995). Collection of water samples for estimation at different Zooplankton groups: For the analysis Zooplankton groups like Rotifers, Cladocerans, Copepods (Calanoids, Cyclopoids and Harpacticoids) and Ostracods, samples were collected from the lakes. The zooplankton net was made by the bolting nylon silk (mesh size 50nm) was used for collection of zooplankton. This net was conical shape and reducing cone with the bottle at its end. For quantitative analysis collection of zooplankton, the net is towed horizontally and obliquely in surface water of the study area. For quantitative analysis, ten bucket full of water (one bucket = 10 liters) samples were collected from each sampling sites and filtered out through the net. After transferring the sample in air tight plastic bottles, it was kept carefully with labeling and preserved immediately using 4% formaldehyde. After returning to the laboratory 1 ml from this concentrated zooplankton sample from each sampling sites, were observed under the microscope (40X) (Olympus Cx21). JETIR1906616 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 221 © 2019 JETIR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Systematic identification and counting was done by using key given in [Edmondson, 1959; and Battish, 1992]. Results and Discussion The results are represented in tabular format JETIR1906616 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 222 © 2019 JETIR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIR1906616 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 223 © 2019 JETIR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIR1906616 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 224 © 2019 JETIR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) MONTHLY VARIATION IN ZOOPLANKTON IN SAROORNAGAR LAKE / STATION-I (June 2014-May 2016) Rotifers Cladocerans Cyclopoid- Sl.No Ostracods Year Copepods 1 14-Jun 160 45 89 55 2 July 250 24 72 41 3 Aug 143 65 75 61 4 Sep 106 75 45 52 5 Oct 90 98 25 60 6 Nov 95 152 32 46 7 Dec 55 65 52 58 8 15-Jan 32 100 65 56 9 Feb 85 65 85 45 10 Mar 124 81 105 40 11 Apr 155 145 64 40 12 May 210 74 79 45 13 15-Jun 125 40 98 42 14 Jul 103 25 65 66 15 Aug 146 125 50 69 16 Sep 112 130 15 75 17 Oct 118 160 43 80 18 Nov 110 230 68 79 19 Dec 65 150 101 83 20 16-Jan 55 190 111 61 21 Feb 100 115 110 55 22 Mar 125 110 105 50 23 Apr 153 80 102 50 24 May 170 85 103 48 AVERAGE 120.2916667 101.2083333 73.29166667 56.54167 JETIR1906616 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 225 © 2019 JETIR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) MONTHLY VARIATION IN ZOOPLANKTON IN SAROORNAGAR LAKE / STATION-I (June 2014- May 2016) 300 250 200 150 Rotifers Cladocerans 100 Cyclopoid-Copepods 50 Ostracods 0 Jul Oct Oct Sep Feb Feb Sep Apr Apr Dec Dec Mar Mar July Aug Aug Nov Nov May May 15-Jan 16-Jan 14-Jun 15-Jun Axis Title MONTHLY VARIATION IN ZOOPLANKTON IN SAROORNAGAR LAKE / STATION-I (June 2014-May 2016) JETIR1906616 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 226 © 2019 JETIR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 6 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) MONTHLY VARIATION IN ZOOPLANKTON IN NOOR MOHAMMED KUNTA (KATEDHAN LAKE)-STATION-II (June 2014-May 2016) Cyclopoid- Sl.No Year Rotifers Cladocerans Ostracods Copepods