A STUDY OF INTERACTION OF CETYLTRIMETHYL AMMONIUM BROMIDE WITH METHYL RED BY CONDUCTOMETRY IN METHANOL-WATER MIXED SOLVENT MEDIA A PROJECT WORK SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY CENTRAL CAMPUS OF TECHNOLOGY HATTISAR, DHARAN, INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY, NEPAL, AS A PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY BY Shubheksha Dahal EXAMS ROLL NO: 80038 TU REDG NO: 5-2-0008-0054-2013 CENTRAL CAMPUS OF TECHNOLOGY HATTISAR, DHARAN, TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY, NEPAL September 2017 i BOARD OF EXAMINER AND CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL This project work entitled “A Study of Interaction of Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide with Methyl Red by Conductometry in Methanol-Water Mixed Solvent Media”, by “Shubheksha Dahal” (Roll No.: 80038; T.U. Regd No.: 5-2-0008-0054-2013), under the supervision of “Netra Subedi”, Central Campus of Technology Hattisar, Dharan, Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Nepal, is hereby submitted for the partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) Degree in Chemistry. This project work had not been submitted in any other university or institution previously and has been approved for the award of degree. …………………………….. Supervisor Mr. Netra Subedi Teaching assistant Department of Chemistry C.C.T., Hattisar, Dharan Tribhuvan University ..………………….......… ….…………………… Internal Examiner External Examiner Department of Chemistry C.C.T., Hattisar, Dharan Tribhuvan University ……………………………… Lalita Shrestha Chairman (Department of Chemistry) Central Campus of Technology, Hattisar T.U., Dharan Sunsari, Nepal Date: … September 2017 ii RECOMMENDATION This is recommending that Shubheksha Dahal(Roll No.: 80038; T.U. Regd No.: 5- 2-0008-0054-2013) has carried out project work entitled “A Study of Interaction of Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide with Methyl Red by Conductometry in Methanol-Water Mixed Solvent Media” as a partial fulfillment of 4 years Bachelor degree of 4th year in chemistry under my supervision. To my knowledge, this work has not been submitted for any other degree. …………………… Mr. Netra Subedi Supervisor Teaching assistant Department of Chemistry Central Campus of Technology Hattisar, Dharan Sunsari Date: … September, 2017 iii DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project work entitled “A Study of Interaction of Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide with Methyl Red by Conductometry in Methanol-Water Mixed Solvent Media” which is being submitted to the Department of Chemistry, Central Campus of Technology (CCT) Hattisar, Dharan, Tribhuvan University, Nepal for the partial fulfillment of degree of Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) 4th year is my original work carried out under the supervision of Lecturer Mr. Netra Subedi, Department of Chemistry, Central Campus of Technology Hattisar, Dharan (T.U). Shubheksha Dahal Central Campus of Technology Hattisar, Dharan iv Acknowledgement A project work entitled A Study of Interaction of Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide with Methyl Red by Conductometry in Methanol-Water Mixed Solvent Media submitted to Central Campus of Technology Hattisar, Dharan Tribhuwan University has been done for fulfillment of B.SC 4th year as recommended by TU. I am extremely grateful with all of them who have helped, guide and supervised me to complete this work. I would like to pay my sincere thanks to my project supervisor Mr. Netra Subedi and co-supervisor Mr. Manoj Khanal, Central Campus of Technology Hattisar, Dharan for their scholarly guidance and supervision. Without their wise counsel and encouragement, it would have been impossible to complete my project work. I would like to express my gratitude to my respected teachers as well as the staffs of campus administration, who provided me valuable suggestions and timely support. Special thanks and appreciationis extended to Prof. Dr. Dhan Bahadur Karki, Assistance Dean, CCT, Dharan, for providing necessary facilities for carrying out the work whenever required. I would also extend my gratitude to Mrs. Lalita Shrestha, Head of Chemistry Department, for providing necessary facilities. My words leave no bound to express gratitude towards my seniors, colleagues and my juniors especially Pankaj Dahal, Sujan Kunwar, Gajendra Bohora and Rejina Bhandari for being there whenever needed their blessings and love is the source of my sprit every moment. I am highly indebted to my family members and myfather Mr. Nagendra Prasad Dahal for their constant support, encouragement and perpetual cooperation in their endeavor, Without what I may not be what I am today. Last but not least, I express sincere thanks to all those names which have not been mentioned individually but helped me directly and indirectly in this work. Also I am responsible for my errors and omission. I apologize for any of them committed that may have remained in this work. Date of Submission: Shubheksha Dahal v Abstract The interaction of anionic dye (Methyl red) and cationic surfactant (Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) were observed at variable composition of methanol water (10, 20 and 30%) mixed solvent media. The specific conductance of 0.66 M to 6 M surfactant (CTAB) and with 3.33 M dye (Methyl red) mixture were noted at room temperature 31 2 . This dye surfactant association will be useful to assist in dying process as well as in the removal of dyes from aqueous solution. With the addition of dye in the surfactant, the specific conductance increases significantly due to the dye surfactant interaction. On increasing concentration of alcohol parameters like density, surface tension decreases and viscosity increases. Also the value of cmc increases as the effect of formation of cmc of alcohol is higher than that of the effect of CTAB on alcohol. Keywords: Critical micelle concentration, Density, Dye-Surfactant, Specific conductance, Surface tension, viscosity. vi Table of Contents APPROVAL .......................................................................................................................... ii RECOMMENDATION ........................................................................................................ iii DECLARATION .................................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................. v Abstract ................................................................................................................................. vi List of Tables ........................................................................................................................ ix List of Figures ........................................................................................................................ x List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................ xi Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Statement of the problem ............................................................................................. 4 1.3 Objective ...................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Rational of the statement ............................................................................................. 5 1.5 Limitations ................................................................................................................... 5 Literature review ................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Surfactants.................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Classification of Surfactant ................................................................................... 8 2.2 Dyes ........................................................................................................................... 10 2.3 CTAB ......................................................................................................................... 10 2.4 Methyl Red................................................................................................................. 11 2.5 Theory of Electrolytic Conductometry ...................................................................... 12 2.6 Dyes-Surfactant interactions ...................................................................................... 13 2.7 Critical micelle concentration .................................................................................... 14 Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 17 3.1 Laboratory Setup ........................................................................................................ 17 3.2 Research Design......................................................................................................... 17 3.3 Experimental Materials: ............................................................................................. 17 3.3.1 Chemicals ............................................................................................................ 17 3.3.2 Solvents ..............................................................................................................