FRAMEWORK FOR MUNICIPAL ZERO EMISSION VEHICLE DEPLOYMENT APRIL 2019 Copyright @ 2019 Pollution Probe and The Delphi Group All rights reserved. The use in any part of this document, whether it is reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or means (including electronic, mechanical, photographic, photocopying or recording), without the prior written permission of Pollution Probe or The Delphi Group is an infringement of copyright law. Pollution Probe The Delphi Group 208 – 150 Ferrand Drive 428 Gilmour Street Toronto, ON, M3C 3E5 Ottawa, ON, K2P 0R8 Canada Canada Tel: (416) 926-1907 Tel: (613) 562-2005 Fax: (416) 926-1907 Fax: (613) 562-2008 www.pollutionprobe.org www.delphi.ca For more information, please contact: Steve McCauley Joe Rogers Senior Director, Policy Senior Director [email protected] [email protected] (416) 926-1907 x 252 (613) 562-2005 x 222 Design and Layout: Thistle Printing FRAMEWORK FOR MUNICIPAL ZERO EMISSION VEHICLE DEPLOYMENT Table of Contents Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 About .....................................................................................................................................................................................................8 1 Introduction and Background ............................................................................................................................................. 10 1.1 Project Objectives and Methodology .................................................................................................................. 10 1.2 Overview of IEA’s Global Pilot EV City Programme ........................................................................................ 11 1.3 Transportation and Climate Change .....................................................................................................................12 1.4 ZEVs Explained ..............................................................................................................................................................12 1.4.1 ZEV options: A brief overview .................................................................................................................12 1.4.2 EV charging: A brief overview ................................................................................................................. 14 1.5 Benefits of ZEVs to Municipalities .........................................................................................................................15 1.6 Current ZEV Adoption Levels in Canada and Globally .................................................................................. 18 1.6.1 Global ZEV adoption .................................................................................................................................. 18 1.6.2 ZEV adoption in Canada ........................................................................................................................... 19 1.6.3 ZEV adoption projections globally and nationally .........................................................................20 2 Stakeholders for Municipal ZEV Strategy Development...........................................................................................21 3 Municipal Actions to Enhance ZEV Uptake ...................................................................................................................24 3.1 Introducing the Municipal Matrix of Actions ...................................................................................................24 3.2 Privately-owned Light-duty Vehicles: Matrix of Actions .............................................................................25 3.2.1 Fueling and charging infrastructure ......................................................................................................28 3.2.2 Education and awareness .........................................................................................................................29 3.2.3 Incentives ........................................................................................................................................................30 3.2.4 Complementary mechanisms ..................................................................................................................30 3.3 Fleets, Medium- and Heavy-duty Vehicles: Matrix of Actions ...................................................................31 3.3.1 Fueling and charging infrastructure ......................................................................................................34 3.3.2 Education and awareness .........................................................................................................................34 3.3.3 Incentives ........................................................................................................................................................ 35 3.3.4 Municipal and private fleets, public transportation ...................................................................... 35 3.3.5 Complementary mechanisms ..................................................................................................................36 4 Creating a Municipal ZEV Strategy ................................................................................................................................... 37 4.1 Setting Initial Objectives and Guiding Principles ............................................................................................ 37 4.2 Developing a Baseline ................................................................................................................................................ 37 4.3 Developing and Implementing a Stakeholder Engagement Plan ..............................................................38 4.4 Refining Objectives and Setting Targets .............................................................................................................38 4.4.1 Setting targets ..............................................................................................................................................38 3 FRAMEWORK FOR MUNICIPAL ZERO EMISSION VEHICLE DEPLOYMENT Table of Contents 4.5 Choosing and Sequencing Actions ........................................................................................................................38 4.5.1 Privately-owned LDVs ...............................................................................................................................39 4.5.2 Fleets, MDVs and HDVs .............................................................................................................................39 4.6 Developing an Implementation Plan with Key Performance Indicators ............................................... 40 4.6.1 Setting key performance indicators .................................................................................................... 40 4.7 Reviewing and Revising ........................................................................................................................................... 40 5 Best Practice Case Studies ....................................................................................................................................................41 5.1 North Vancouver, BC ...................................................................................................................................................41 5.2 Montreal, QC ................................................................................................................................................................ 44 5.3 Portland, OR ..................................................................................................................................................................46 6 Summary and Conclusion......................................................................................................................................................51 Appendix A: Privately-Owned Light-Duty Vehicle Actions .............................................................................................52 A.1. Fueling and Charging Infrastructure .........................................................................................................................52 A.2. Education and Awareness ........................................................................................................................................... 60 A.3. Incentives ...........................................................................................................................................................................66 A.4. Complementary Mechanisms .....................................................................................................................................70 Appendix B: Fleet, MDV, HDV Actions ..................................................................................................................................... 75 B.1. Fueling and Charging Infrastructure ......................................................................................................................... 75 B.2. Education and Awareness ........................................................................................................................................... 80 B.3. Incentives ...........................................................................................................................................................................83