Turkey World Summit for Children Indicators: Turkey 1998 Value BASIC INDICATORS Childhood mortality Infant mortality rate 42.7 per 1,000 Under-five mortality rate 52.1 per 1,000 Childhood undernutrition Percent stunted 16,0 Percent wasted 1,9 Percent underweight 8,3 Clean water supply Percent of boaseholds within 15 minutes of a safe water supply I 74,4 Sanitary excreta disposal Percent of households with flush toilets or VIP latrines 87.7 Basic education Percent of women 15-49 with completed primary education 78.3 Percent of men 15-49 with completed primary education 94.5 Percent of gir|s 6-12 attending school' 69.7 Percent of boys 6-12 attending school 78.7 Percent of women 15-49 who are literate 84.5 Children in especially Percent of children who are orphans (both parents dead) 0A difficult situations Percent of children who do not live with their natural mother 3.5 Percent of children who live in single adult households 2.1 SUPPORTING INDICATORS Women's Health Birth spacing Percent of births within 24 months of a previous birth 262 Safe motherhood Percent of blrths with medical antenatal care 67,5 Percent &births with antenatal care in first trimester 46.4 Percent of births with medical assistance at delivery 80.6 Percent of births in a medical facility 72.5 Percent of births at high risk 40.2 Family planning Contraceptive prevalence rate (any method, currently married women) 63.9 Percent of currently married women with an unmet demand for family planning lO.I Percent of currently married women with an unmet need for family planning to avoid a high-risk birth 7.7 Nutrition Maternal nutrition Percent of mothers with low BMI 2.5 Low birth weight •Percent of births at low birth weight (of those reporting numeric weight) 14.4 Breastfeeding Percent of children under 4 months who are exclusively breastfed 9.2 Child Health Vaccinations Percent of children whose mothers received tetanus toxoid vaccination during pregnancy 43,8 Percent of children 12-23 months with measles vaccination 78.5 Percent of children 12-23 months fully vaccinated 45.7 Diarrhoea control Percent of children with diarrhoea in preceding 2 weeks who received oral rehydratien therapy (sugar-salt-water solution) 26.9 Piped, well, and bottled water Turkish Demographic and Health Survey 1998 Hacettepe University, Institute of Population Studies Ankara, Turkey Macro International Inc. Calverton, Maryland, USA with the contributions of General Directorate of United Nations U.S. Agency for Mother and Child Population Fund, International Development, Health/Family Planning, New York, Washington DC, Ministry of Health, Ankara, USA USA Turkey October 1999 This report summarises the findings of the 1998 Turkish Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS-98) conducted by the Institute of Population Studies, Hacettepe University (HIPS) in collaboration with the General Directorate of Mother and Child Health/Family Planning, Ministry of Health. Technical and financial support for the survey were provided both by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and Macro International Inc. through its MEASURE/DHS+ project, a project sponsored primarily by the United States Agency for Interuational Development (USAID) to carry out population and health surveys in developing countries. ÷ The TDHS-98 is part of the Worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys (MEASURE/DHS+) program, which is designed to provide decision-makers in survey countries with a database and analyses useful for informed policy choices, to expand the international population and health database, to advance survey methodology, and to develop in participating countries the skills and resources necessary to conduct high-quality demographic and health surveys. The TDHS-98 survey is the most recent in a series of demographic surveys carried out in Turkey by bliPS to provide iuformation on fertility and child mortality levels; family planning awareness, approval and use; and basic indicators of maternal and child health. Additional information on the TDHS-98 can be obtained from Hacettepe University, Institute of Population Studies, 06100 Ankara, Turkey (Telephone: 312-3107906; Fax: 312-3118141; E-mail: [email protected],tr). Information on the worldwide MEASUR/DHS+ program may be obtained by writing: MEASURE/DHS+, Macro International Inc., 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705, USA (Telephone: 301-572-0200; Fax: 301 - 572-0999). CONTENTS Page Tables .......................................................... ~............................................................................................... vii Figures .......................................................................................................................................................... xi Foreword .................................................................................................................................................... xiii Summary of Findings ................. i ................................................................................................................ xv Map of Turkey....................................................................................................................................... ... xviii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Sunday I3ner and Banu Akadh ErgSgmen...................................................................... 1 1.1 Geography ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 History ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Administrative Divisions and Political Organisation ........................................................... 2 1.4 Social and Cultural Features ................................................................................................ 2 1.5 Economy ............................................................................................................................. 3 1.6 Regional Breakdown ........................................................................................................... 4 1.7 Population ................................ : .......................................................................................... 5 1.8 Population and Family Planning Policies and Programs ..................................................... 6 1.9 Health Priorities and Programs..................................................................... : ...................... 6 1.10 Health Care System in Turkey............................................................................................. 7 1.11 Objectives and Organisation of the Survey ..; ...................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND RESPONDENTS /smet Kog and Attila Hanclo~lu ........................................... :. ........................................ 13 2,1 Population by Age and Sex ................................................................................................. 7 2.2 Household Composition .................................................................................................... 16 2.3 Fosterhood and Orphanhood ............................................................................................. 16 2,4 Educational Level of the Household Population ............................................................... 17 2.5 School Enrollment,...= ....................................................................................................... 19 2.6 Housing Characteristics ..................................................................................................... 19 2.7 Household Durable Goods ................................................................................................ 22 2.8 Background Characteristics ............................................................................................... 23 2.9 Respondents' Level of Education by Background Characteristics .................................... 24 2.10 Reasons for Leaving School .............................................................................................. 25 2,11 Differentials in Characteristics of Couples ........................................................................ 27 2.12 Exposure to Print Media .................................................................................................... 28 2.13 Employment and Occupation ..................................................................................... ...... 29 2.14 Decision on Use of Earnings ............................................................................................. 31 2.15 Child Care While Working ............................................................................................... 31 111 Page CHAPTER 3 FERTILITY Aykut Toros .................................................................................................................... 35 3.1 Current Fertility ................................................................................................................. 35 3.2 Children Ever Born and Living......................................................................................... 40 3.3 Birth Intervals.................................................................................................................... 41 3.4 Age at First Birth ..............................................................................................................