Weed control in winter crops 2019 NSW DPI MANAGEMENT GUIDE Greg Brooke and Colin McMaster www.dpi.nsw.gov.au New Axial Xtra. Local trial results show the new AXIAL XTRA formulation with an advanced built in adjuvant, delivers improved activity on Wild Oats, Phalaris and Ryegrass, with the same trusted crop safety. Speak to your advisor about AXIAL XTRA today. UP TO 30% CASHBACK agriclime.syngenta.com.au Partner of Visit syngenta.com.au Syngenta Australia Pty Ltd, Level 1, 2-4 Lyonpark Road, Macquarie Park NSW 2113. ABN 33 002 933 717. ® Registered trademark of Syngenta Group Company. *A maximum of 30% cash back may be payable. Please visit agriclime.syngenta.com for full terms and conditions. Axial Xtra is a registered trademark of a Syngenta Group Company. AD 19-038. 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AD 19-040. ©State of NSW through NSW Department of Industry 2019 ISSN 0812-907X (print) ISSN 2206-5490 (online) Job No. 15106 Published by NSW Department of Primary Industries, a part of NSW Department of Industry. You may copy, distribute, display, download and otherwise freely deal with this publication for any purpose, provided that you attribute NSW Department of Industry as the owner. However, you must obtain permission if you wish to charge others for access to the publication (other than at cost); include the publication advertising or a product for sale; modify the publication; or republish the publication on a website. You may freely link to the publication on a departmental website. Disclaimer The State of New South Wales, including the NSW Department of Industry (“the Department”), does not give any warranty, guarantee or representation about the accuracy, currency or completeness of any information contained in this document (including, without limitation, any information included in the document which was provided by third parties). The State of New South Wales (including the Department) provides this document without assumption of a duty of care to any person. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the State of New South Wales (including the Department) excludes all liability in relation to the information contained in this document or for any injury, expense loss, or damage whatsoever (including without limitation liability for negligence and consequential losses) suffered or incurred by any person acting, or purporting to act in reliance upon any information contained herein. Always read the label This publication provides a general summary of some of the Users of agricultural chemical products must always read the label provisions under the Pesticides Act 1999, the Work Health and Safety and any permit before using the product and strictly comply with the Act 2011 and the Health and Safety Regulation 2011, and subordinate directions on the label and the conditions of any permit. Users are legislation as interpreted by the Department of Industry at the not absolved from any compliance with the directions on the label time of writing (February 2019). Compliance with the Acts and the or the conditions of the permit by reason of any statement made or subordinate legislative instruments is a legal requirement. This omitted to be made in this publication. publication does not provide or purport to provide legal advice. Users are reminded of the need to ensure that the information upon which they rely is up to date by checking the currency of the Acknowledgements information at the Department of Industry website or with the user’s The contributions of the former DPI district agronomists, independent legal adviser. Peter Matthews (Technical Specialist Grain Services, Orange); Don McCaffery (Technical Specialist Oilseeds and Pulses, Orange); The product trade names in this publication are supplied on the Tony Cook (Technical Specialist Weeds, Tamworth); Jenene Kidston, understanding that no preference between equivalent products is (Technical Specialist, Farm Chemicals, Orange); Bruce Browne, (Farm intended and that the inclusion of a product name does not imply Chemicals Officer, Orange); Keith Pengilley, (Leader Pathology and endorsement by the department over any equivalent product from Agronomy, Tamworth) and the various chemical companies, are most another manufacturer. appreciated. Users are reminded of the need to follow safe work practice when Front cover photos: Main image: Wheat heads from DPI and GRDC applying any techniques described in this publication. This includes cereal phenology trial site, Wongarbon, NSW (Greg Brooke); Inset: identifying, assessing and managing any occupational health and spray rig, Nyngan, NSW. safety risks. Illustrations: originals by Alison Chambers and Dianne Gardoll, Information supplied is not the responsibility of the State of New formerly NSW DPI. Redrawn by Michel Dignand. South Wales or its employees. Issues with accuracy or validity of the information supplied should be directed to the appropriate The Pulse Crop Growth Stages diagrams are reproduced with the company. Users should be aware that the contents of this permission of Di Holding and Annabel Bowcher, formerly CRC for information package are likely to change in time. Australian Weed Management. Interactions with companies listed in this information package This publication is a companion to the following guide available in are not the responsibility of the State of New South Wales or its 2019 from your local NSW Department of Primary Industries office: employees. Winter crop variety sowing guide 2019 (publication due April 2019). iv | Greg Brooke and Col McMaster Contents 1 What’s new in 2019 2 Effective weed controlin winter crops 3 Weed glossary 4 Cereal growth stages – the Zadoks scale 5 Using the growth stages of cereal crops to time herbicide applications 6 Using herbicides successfully 14 Harvest aid or salvage spraying winter crops 15 Effects of water quality 15 Water quality for herbicide application 16 Adjuvants that enhance product efficacy 16 Adjuvants that make application easier 16 Using adjuvants, surfactants and oils with herbicides 18 Tips for tankmixing herbicides 19 Cleaning and decontaminating boomsprays 20 Boomspray calibration 20 General information 20 Recording 20 Measuring 21 Calculating 22 Managing your legal responsibilities in applying pesticides 22 Pesticides Act 22 Hazardous Chemicals legislation 23 How to complete your Pesticide Application Record Sheet 24 Reducing herbicide spray drift 24 How to minimise spray drift problems 24 How many types of drift are there? 25 What factors affect the risk of herbicide spray drift? 26 Surface inversions 27 Nozzle selection for post-emergent herbicides and fungicides 28 Where to find helpful meteorological information 29 Night spraying 30 Herbicides for control and suppression 58 Herbicide resistance management 59 Mode of action groups (at 14 February 2019) 61 Surveys for herbicide resistant grass weeds in southern Australia 84 Pulse crop growth stages WEED CONTROL IN WINTER CROPS 2019 | v Tables 5 Table 1. Growth stages for herbicide application 8 Table 2. Guidelines for crop rotations – Fallow commencement/maintenance and pre-sowing seedbed weed control 10 Table 3. Guidelines for crop rotations – In-crop herbicides 12 Table 4. Rainfastness – stock withholding periods – harvest withholding periods 14 Table 5. Herbicides for harvest aid or salvage spraying 15 Table 6. Herbicide tolerance to water qualities 17 Table 7. Some adjuvants in common use 18 Table 8. Directory of herbicide manufacturers/distributors 19 Table 9. Decontaminating boomsprays 30 Table 10. Herbicides for fallow commencement and/or maintenance – Grass weed control 31 Table 11. Herbicides for fallow commencement and/or maintenance – Broadleaf weed control – Part 1 34 Table 12. Herbicides for fallow commencement and/or maintenance – Broadleaf weed control – Part 2 37 Table 13. Herbicides for presowing seedbed weed control – Salvage seedbed preparation 40 Table 14. Herbicides for pre-emergent and post-sowing pre-emergent weed control 44 Table 15. Herbicides for weed control for wheat and barley – Early post-emergence – Part 1 48 Table 16. Herbicides for weed control for wheat and barley – Early post-emergence – Part 2 54 Table 17. Herbicides for weed control for wheat and barley – Early post-emergence – Part 3 56 Table 18. Herbicides for weed control for wheat and barley – Late post-emergence 59 Table 19. Weed control options for crop and pasture phases 59 Table 20. High resistance risk 60 Table 21. Moderate resistance risk 62 Table 22. Percentage of samples resistant or developing resistance to each herbicide group. 62 Table 23. Results for ryegrass samples showing percentage resistant (Res) or developing resistance (DR) to individual Group A herbicides. 62 Table 24. Results of annual ryegrass samples cross resistance screening showing percentage of samples resistant or developing resistance to different groups. 62 Table 25. Percentage of wild oat samples found to be resistant since 2011 (number tested in brackets) 62 Table 26. Situations containing glyphosate resistant annual ryegrass 62 Table 27. Glyphosate resistant fleabane across Australia 64 Table 28. Herbicides for weed control for oats – Early post-emergence – Part 1 66 Table 29. Herbicides for weed control for oats – Early post-emergence – Part 2 68 Table 30. Herbicides for weed control for oats – Late post-emergence 70 Table 31.