This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ The Mozarts in London Exploring the Family's Professional, Social and Intellectual Networks in 1764-1765 Templeton, Hannah Margaret Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 01. Oct. 2021 The Mozarts in London: Exploring the Family's Professional, Social and Intellectual Networks in 1764-1765 Hannah Margaret Templeton A dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Musicology King's College London, 2016 Abstract This dissertation reassesses the Mozarts' stay in London, from April 1764 until July 1765. It explores the family's professional, social and intellectual networks, considering how they were formed, how they functioned, and the interrelationships between them to ascertain the extent of the Mozarts' engagement with both musical and wider cultural life. The first chapter lays out the broad range of primary sources available for studying the Mozarts in London. It includes the first fully annotated edition of Leopold Mozart's London Reisenotizen, highlighting several pre-existing networks that the Mozarts engaged with. The four remaining chapters use these networks as a point of departure to provide a fresh perspective on the fifteen months. Chapter 2 explores the Mozarts' navigation of Westminster's musical scene, focusing on public concert life, subscription concerts and private concerts. Chapter 3 examines Leopold's engagement with the knowledge of his patrons, furthering his interests in science and technology. It then situates the Mozart children as part of London's scientific culture, themselves an object of curiosity. Chapter 4 considers Leopold's contact with merchants and traders based in the City of London as relationships with potential patrons, offering a revised context for the Swan and Hoop Tavern appearances. Chapter 5 documents the Mozarts' exposure to London's musical club cultures, music by English composers, and the memory of Handel. The number of musicians and patrons whose interests traversed different musical spheres suggests greater degrees of fluidity among London's musical cultures than is typically allowed. This dissertation positions the Mozarts' stay in London as an educational journey for the whole family, of which music was a significant but not the sole focus. Its approach challenges existing narratives of the family's London period and childhood travels, and has implications for understandings of eighteenth-century London's musical life as well as wider Mozart biography. 2 Table of Contents Abstract.................................................................................................. 2 List of Figures........................................................................................ 5 List of Tables......................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements................................................................................ 8 Abbreviations......................................................................................... 9 Introduction........................................................................................... 11 The Mozarts in the Literature..................................................... 13 Contextualising Narrative Patterns.............................................. 20 New Approaches to Mozart in London....................................... 24 I: Sources for the Mozarts in London................................................... 33 Annotating Leopold's Travel Notes............................................. 37 Leopold Mozart's Travel Notes................................................... 39 The Mozarts' Additional Acquaintances..................................... 73 Newspaper Articles....................................................................... 78 Material Culture: Objects, Music, Prints and Books................... 79 II: Navigating Concert Life in Westminster.......................................... 88 Arriving on the Westminster Concert Scene............................... 91 Networking with the Italian Opera Company............................. 107 Subscription Concerts at Carlisle House..................................... 113 Private Concerts........................................................................... 120 III: Science, Technology and Engineering: The Mozarts' Wider Intellectual Interests............................................................................... 125 Leopold's Scientific Instruments.................................................. 128 Encounters with New Technology............................................... 138 Natural Curiosities and the British Museum............................... 145 Wolfgang and Nannerl as a 'Curiosity'........................................ 155 3 IV: Interactions with the City of London: A Revised Context for the Swan and Hoop Tavern Appearances.................................................. 161 Reassessing the Swan and Hoop's Location................................ 164 Leopold and London's Jewish Networks...................................... 177 The Swan and Hoop Tavern and Marianne Davies................... 189 V: The Mozarts and the Diversity of London Musical Life.................. 193 Exposure to London's Musical Club Culture............................... 194 London's Pleasure Gardens and 'English' Music......................... 215 Handel and Charity..................................................................... 222 The Mozarts' Musical Gift........................................................... 231 Conclusion............................................................................................. 236 Appendix 1............................................................................................ 242 Bibliography.......................................................................................... 248 4 List of Figures Figure 1 Map of the Cities of Westminster and London in the 1760s identifying key locations relevant to the Mozarts and discussed in this dissertation............................................................................................. 10 Figure 2i John Thomas Smith, Monmouth House, Soho Square, (London, 1791), etching, 23cmx17.8cm.......................................................................... 98 Figure 2ii 1769 site plan of Monmouth House, Soho Square, transcribed from F.H.W. Sheppherd, Survey of London, XXXIII....................................... 98 Figure 3 Matthew Darly, The Idol (London, c.1756-8), print, 7.9cmx11cm. BM Satires 3533........................................................................................... 103 Figure 4i Robert Sayer after Egbert van Heemskerck II, The Harmonic Meeting, paper mezzotint and etching (1771), 24.8cmx33.8cm. BM, 2010,7081.112....................................................................................... 118 Figure 4ii Robert Sayer after Egbert van Heemskerck II, The Harmonic Meeting, paper mezzotint and etching (1771), 25.3cmx35.5cm. BM, 2010,7081.1123..................................................................................... 118 Figure 5 Unattributed trade card (bill and bill head) for Peter Dollond (London, 1763). BM Prints and Drawings: Heal, 105.37..................... 132 Figure 6i Anon., A View of the New Bridge at Westminster, 19.8x25.1cm................... 141 Figure 6ii Anon., A View of Fulham Bridge from Putney, 20x25cm............................. 142 Figure Anon., A View of the Bridge at Walton upon Thames in Surrey, 19.8x25.2cm 6iii (Printed for T. Bowles in St. Paul’s Church Yard) ............................... 142 Figure 7 George Stubbs, Zebra, oil on canvas (London, 1763), 102.9x127.6cm.. 147 Figure 8 Approximate location of the Swan and Hoop Tavern. Map from William Maitland’s History of London from its Foundation to the Present Time, engraved by Benjamin Cole, 1756............................................... 166 Figure 9 'A Plan of the Walks upon the Royal Exchange' from Joseph Pote's Foreigner's Guide (1763) ........................................................................... 170 Figure T. Bowles, The South West Prospect of London from Somerset Gardens to the 10i Tower (c.1750), 28.5cmx42.7cm............................................................