CommunicationCommunication ProtocolsProtocols 01. Communication Protocols Table of Contents 1. 7 Layer Model 2. Communication Relationships 3. Topologies 4. Substation Implementation (UCA) 5. Traditional Protocols (Modbus, IEC 870-5 T103) 6. Net DDE vs. OPC 7. Inter Control Center Protocol (ICCP) 01. Communication Protocols Communication Protocols and Standards 3 01. Communication Protocols Communication Protocols and Standards PROTOCOL A set of rules for operating a communication system Areas addressed by rules: • Framing • Line Control • Error Control • Timeout Control • Sequence Control • Startup Control • Transparency • Special Cases 4 01. Communication Protocols Communication Protocols and Standards Communications Model • ISO 7 Layer Model • Enhanced Performance Architecture • Basic Network Topologies 5 01. Communication Protocols Communication Protocols and Standards The Open Systems Interconnection Seven Layer Reference Model User A User B User to User Communications Layer 7 Application Application User to User Encoded Communications Layer 6 Presentation Presentation User to User Layer 5 Session Session User to User Messages Layer 4 Transport Transport User to User Packets Layer 3 Network Network End to End Packets Layer 2 Data Link Data Link End to End Bits Layer 1 Physical Physical Communication Signals 6 01. Communication Protocols Communication Protocols and Standards 3-LAYER LAN ARCHITECTURE Application DNP 3.0 / Modbus / 870-5 Data Link 870-5 Modbus 870-5 FT3 FT1.2 RS-232 RS-485 Radio Physical 7 01. Communication Protocols Communication Protocols and Standards Basic Communication Relationships Peer to Peer Master / Slave • Client / Server • Request / Response • Publisher / Subscriber • Response Only 8 01. Communication Protocols Communication Protocols and Standards TOKEN-RING CONCEPTS 9 01. Communication Protocols Communication Protocols and Standards TheThe NextNext GenerationGeneration HighHigh SpeedSpeed Peer-to-PeerPeer-to-Peer CommunicationCommunication 10 01. Communication Protocols Communication Protocols and Standards “STAR” Architecture IED IED Hub IED Active/ Passive IED IED IED 11 01. Communication Protocols Communication Protocols and Standards Interoperability Applications and devices can exchange useful information across business functions without the user having to engineer it. 12 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communication Architecture - UCA 13 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communications Architecture UCA Utility Communication Architecture - UCA • Arose from the need for common communication across the utility enterprise • Basic definition started in 1988 • Defines a “suite” of protocols to address all utility communication requirements • Has recently focused on Substation Communications 14 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communications Architecture UCA 7-LAYER UCA MODEL MMS MMS FTAM VT DS 1988 CMIP ACSE ROSE RTSE MHS 1984 ISO Connection-orientated Presentation ISO Connection-orientated Session ISO/TCP Connection-orientated Transport 0 4 ISO/IP Connectionless Network ISDN Q.931 ES - IS Routing X.25 Packet Layer LLC 1 ISDN HDLC/LAPB LAPD CSMA/ Token Token CD Bus Ring FDDI EIA - ISDN X.21 (8802/3) (8802/4) (8802/5) V.35 232-D Interfaces 15 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communications Architecture UCA Substation Integrated Protection, Control and Data Acquisition Phase 1, Task 2 Requirements Specification Project/Documentation Site: Ftp.sisconet.com/epri/subdemo 16 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communications Architecture UCA Utilities Participating in UCA • American Electric Power (AEP) • Enetergy • Indianapolis Power & Light • TVA • Ontario Hydro - Canada • Duke • Northern States Power • Boston Edison • Tampa Electric • Union Electric • ComEd • Florida Power Corp • Cinergy • Southern California Edison • Baltimore Gas & Electric • Wisconsin Electric • GPU • ESKOM - South Africa • Nuon - Holland •Natinal Grid Company - UK •Polish Power Grid - Poland 17 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communications Architecture UCA Participating UCA Vendors • GE Power Management • Siemens • Basler •Alstom • Cooper • L&G • Beckwith • Doble • Tasnet • Dranetz / BMI /Electrotek • SEL • Modicon / Square D • GE Harris • ABB • RFL • Bitronics 18 01. Communication Protocols Typical Substation UCA Real- Time Architecture UCA UCA REAL - TIME SERVICES / GOMSFE MMS / ISO 9506 A - Unit Data ACSE / ISO 8650 UTILITY ENTERPRISE CL Presentation / ISO 9576 CO Presentation / ISO 8823 WIDE AREA CL Session / ISO 9548 CO Session / ISO 8327 NETWORK (WAN) CLTP / ISO 8602 TP4 / ISO 8073 RFC 1006 CLNP / ISO 8473 TCP ES-IS / ISO 9542 IP LLC / ISO 8802 STANDARD ROUTER Ethernet Gateway / PLCs Devices Relays Devices HOST 19 SUBSTATION LAN 01. Communication Protocols Substation Peer-to-Peer Standard Development IEC STATUS • IEC TC 57 - Working Groups 10, 11, 12 are developing an IED peer to peer communication standard • The work exists as the IEC - 61850 committeè draft • Section 8.1 is based on the MMS/Ethernet UCA Substation profile • UCA and IEC 61850 will be reconciled 20 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communications Architecture - UCA ETHERNET Description Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection CSMA / CD Msg @ ………. Msg @ to to Node 1 Node 2 Node n CSMA Concept: Listen for traffic on the network. If none, proceed to transmit data. A collision occurs when two terminals transmit at the same time. 21 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communications Architecture - UCA Intel Pentium III Computer Cable under test 10 Mbps Ethernet Hub Capacitive Coupler Cable Type Results 10BaseT (Twisted Pair) Fail KeyTek Electrical 10Base2 (Coax) Fail Fast Transient 10BaseF (Fiber) Pass Test Equipment Intel Pentium III Initial test configuration for 10 Mbps Computer 22 Ethernet using Intel Pentium III based computers 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communications Architecture - UCA MMS Service Specification • Defines a set of objects that can exist within a device. • Defines a set of communication services to access and manipulate those objects. • Defines the behavior of the device to those communication services. 23 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communications Architecture - UCA MMS Objects • Domain • Event Condition • Program Invocation • Event Action • Variable • Event Enrollment • Type (Variable) • Journal • Semaphore (2) • File • Operator Interface 24 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communications Architecture - UCA Named Variable Object • A named MMS object representing a “real” variable • Only the name is needed to access • Attributes: -Object Name (scope) -MMS Deletable (boolean) -Type description -Access method (Public, tec.) -Address (Public only) • Be careful about using addresses in where the address can change from on run-time to the next. 25 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communications Architecture - UCA Simple Type Definition • A Simple Type definition consists of Class and Size • Type Classes: BOOLEAN VISIBLE STRING BIT STRING OCTET STRING INTEGER GENERAL TIME (ISO) UNSIGNED (INT) BINARY TIME (MMS/C) FLOAT (IEEE) BCD REAL (ISO) • Although MMS Data has the form information built-in (integer, string, boolean, etc.), only the Type Def’n has the size information needed to convert to local format. 26 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communications Architecture - UCA Domain • Represents a resource within the VMD. • Domains are typically: -Program Memory -Recipe Memory -Data Memory, etc. • Domains may be pre-named. 27 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communications Architecture - UCA MMS Services • Get Object • Change Object • Determine Attributes • Create Object • Delete Object 28 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communications Architecture - UCA Domain Services • Upload: InitiateUploadSequence UploadSegment TerminateUploadSequence • Download: InitiateDownloadSequence DownloadSegment TerminateDownloadSequence Each upload sequence is assigned a unique ID Number to track multiple uploads in progress. Domain data is sent over the network in segments InitiateDownloadSeq creates domain -If domain exists: must delete first 29 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communications Architecture - UCA Unconfirmed Services • Unconfirmed services consist of only the request and indication service primitives. • UnsolicitedStatus •InformationReport •EventNotification 30 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communications Architecture - UCA Program Invocations • An execution thread consisting of one or more domains. • A program invocation can be started, stopped, etc. • A P.I. May be pre-named 31 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communications Architecture - UCA Common Application Service Models (CASM) • Generic communications services - data access - data (and exception) reporting - device control, tagging - self describing devices • Detailed mapping of data objects to MMS •Detailed mapping of generic services to MMS services 32 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communications Architecture - UCA Common Application Service Model MMS Services Required 33 01. Communication Protocols Utility Communications Architecture - UCA General Object Model for Substation & Field Equipment (GOMSFE) • Object Modeling is a technique for identifying data elements in a device. • Defines standards names, attributes, and behaviors of the data elements • Allows the re-use of names • Provides the foundation for the information needed for “self-description” 34 01. Communication Protocols Measurement Unit Object Model Measurement Unit 35 01. Communication Protocols Measurement Unit Object Model 36 01. Communication