ITS Terminology ITS Terminology ITS TERMINOLOGY 2018 TERMS & DEFINITIONS Terms & definitions Terms WITH CONTRIBUTION FROM VEJDIREKTORATET (DK) AND VEGAGERDIN (IS) 2018 Appel_Kansi.indd 1 16/05/18 10:22 Authors Kristian Appel, Traficon Ltd, Finland Arvid Aakre, NTNU, Norway Peter Kronborg, Movea AB, Sweden Title ITS Terminology – Terms & Definitions Edition 4th edition published in June, 2018 ISBN 978-952-317-567-9 (pdf) 978-952-317-568-6 (book) Printed books may be requested from the publishers. Contact details on the next page. A pdf-version may be downloaded from several sources as mentioned in the Introduction. Publishers Finnish Transport Agency - Liikennevirasto Mr. Sami Luoma P.O. Box 33, FI-00521 HELSINKI Finland Swedish Transport Administration - Trafikverket Mr. Lars Gisow SE-781 89 Borlänge Sweden Norwegian Public Roads Administration – Statens Vegvesen Mr. Ivar Christansen Postboks 6706 Etterstad NO-0609 Oslo Norway 3 Oy Nord Print Ab Helsingfors 2018 Finland 5 Contents Preface 3 Contents 5 Introduction 7 1 Generic concepts and basic terms 9 5 Freight transport 163 1.0 Generic 9 5.0 Generic 163 1.1 Risk 26 5.1 Roles and functions 167 1.2 System architecture 28 5.2 Planning and operation 169 1.3 Legal and contractual 30 5.3 Tracking/tracing and 1.4 Tests and demonstrations 31 hazardous goods 173 1.5 Privacy and security 34 5.9 Miscellaneous 175 1.6-1.7 Traffic theory 41 1.8 Network 62 6 Public transport 178 1.9 Miscellaneous 63 6.0 Generic 178 6.1 Modes of operation 180 2 Monitoring and control 74 6.2 Operation planning 182 2.0 Generic 74 6.3 Route operation 184 2.1 Weather and environment 76 6.4 Priority 187 2.2 Traffic and traffic data 79 2.3 Variable messages 83 7 Driver assistance, automated driving 2.4 Corridor control and UTC (Urban and vehicle technology 194 Traffic Control) 88 7.0 Generic 194 2.5 Tunnels and bridges 91 7.1 Monitoring and recording 195 2.6 Intersection traffic control 97 7.2 Information to drivers 199 2.7 Enforcement and hazardous goods 107 7.3 Driving support 208 2.8 Sensors and detectors 109 7.4 Safety 215 2.9 Miscellanous 114 7.5 Vehicles 223 7.6 Systems 227 3 Information and navigation 119 7.7 Automated driving 229 3.0 Generic 119 3.1 Route planning 124 8 Abbreviations and acronyms 238 3.2 Navigation 126 3.3 Travel planning 129 English index 250 3.4 Travel time 129 Finnish index 259 3.5 Parking 130 Swedish index 267 Norwegian index 275 4 Booking and payment 134 Danish index 283 4.0 Generic 134 Icelandic index 291 4.1 Tariff 141 4.2 Clearing and payment 146 4.3 Roles 149 4.4 Contractual 154 4.5 Physical 155 4.6 Classification 156 4.7 Ticketing 159 4.9 Miscellanous 160 7 Introduction This is the fourth edition of the Nordic ITS Terminology. It is financed and published by three Nordic transport administrations, namely the Finnish Transport Agency (Liikennevirasto), the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (Statens vegvesen) and the Swedish Transport Admini stration (Trafikverket). The Danish Road Directorate (Vejdirektoratet) and the Icelandic Road and Coastal Administration (Vegagerðin) have supported the work by providing national translations. The first edition named “Road Transport Telematics Terminology” was published by NVF Committee 53 (later on called the NVF ITS Committee) in 1997. That publication included English, Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish terms and definitions for some 230 essential ITS concepts. The second edition of the Terminology was published by NVF 53 in 2002 containing some 490 terms and definitions. The Terminology was widely accepted in the Nordic countries and has also aroused interest outside these countries. It has been translated into several other languages, and the World Road Association PIARC has included the Terminology into their web-based dictionary. The third edition of the Terminology was published in 2012 and contained some 870 terms with definitions. This time the Icelandic language was added. All these three previous versions have mainly been financed by the National Road Authorities in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. This fourth version has been extended to some 1070 terms and definitions. Especially the sections on mobility, privacy and data security, vehicles and automated driving have been extended. One expert from each participating country has formed an expert group doing the main work. As regards the structure and the English terms and definitions, the expert group has collected existing material from numerous professional sources including among others ISO/CEN, after which the material has been compiled and discussed within the group. The normative guidelines issued by ISO/ CEN for the presentation of terms and definitions were also consulted.The expert group, along with the steering group, wishes to express the hope that this fourth edition of the Terminology will be used as basis for improved mutual understanding and harmonisation within the field of ITS in the Nordic countries and elsewhere and that it will be used e.g. in international ITS standardisation within CEN and ISO as well. In this Nordic edition of the Terminology, the terms are defined in English and in five Nordic languages: Finnish, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish and Icelandic. It is published in a downloadable pdf -version, and is also printed as a booklet. Reader’s guide The terms and definitions are mainly from the road sector but many definitions are generic and multimodal. The basic philosophy behind this Terminology has been to provide definitions for ITS functions or services rather than products or technologies. However, in an effort to make the Terminology more understandable and complete many generic concepts as well as some technology related terms have been included. 8 The fourth edition of the Terminology has mainly preserved the division into functional groups introduced with the previous editions. This closely resembles the approach of EU Framework Programmes for Research and Technical Development in which a firm foundation for definitions of ITS functions was laid. Within the functional groups (chapters), terms are organised in a hierarchy within subgroups (subchapters). This division is not completely unambiguous but should none the less make it easier to navigate in the Terminology, e.g. to look up terms associated with a specific subset of ITS. Chapter 8 is a list explaining widely used ITS-related acronyms and abbreviations without definitions of the concepts behind. The division of terms into groups (chapters) can always be discussed, because many terms could be placed in several groups (chapters). A number of terms are thus included in more than one group (chapter). In this case they are included in the most relevant chapter as a main entry and then listed at the end of the other chapters in the form of a table. The division into groups serves no other purpose than to facilitate the search for terms by users. Alphabetical lists (indexes) of the terms in the different languages are another helpful tool and can be found at the end of this document. In the definitions reference is given to other defined terms included in the Terminology. When there is a clear risk of misunderstanding, “see also” references to closely related terms are given. Feedback and maintenance It is the intention of the publishers to organise distribution and maintenance of the ITS Terminology database based on the following activities: - The Terminology as a PDF -document is available for download at www.its-terminology.com. It is also available at the websites of the ITS organisations in the Nordic countries; ITS Finland (www.its-finland.fi), ITS Sweden (www.its-sweden.se), ITS Norway (www.its-norway.no) and ITS Denmark (www.itsdanmark.dk). - Users are invited to give comments and feedback on the Terminology via www.its-terminology. com or send an e-mail to [email protected] (currently administrated by Arvid Aakre, Traffic Engineering Research Centre , NTNU, Norway) - Any questions about use, copyright and formal matters should be sent to contact@its- terminology.com (currently administrated by Kristian Appel, Traficon Ltd, Finland) - The Finnish Transport Agency (Liikennevirasto), the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (Statens vegvesen) and the Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket) will via the steering group be responsible for the maintenance of the ITS Terminology. A group of experts will be available for update of the contents. Copyright The dictionary is the joint property of the Nordic Transport and Road Authorities while the copyright is subject to the legislation of IPR of each of the countries. Use of the on-line Terminology and download of the Terminology (pdf files) is free of charge as long as it is for personal use. The publishers welcome cooperation on the utilization of the Terminology. If such a need occurs, please send an e-mail to [email protected] for further co-operation negotiations. Commercial use, copying, reproduction, imbedding, changing or spreading of the Terminology, its content and software is not allowed without permission from the publishers. ITS Terminology 9 1 Generic concepts and basic terms 1003 mobility 1.0 Generic ability to utilise the transport system 1001 ITS, intelligent transport systems, intelligent transport FI liikkuvuus, liikkuminen systems and services mahdollisuudet hyödyntää liikennejärjestelmää information and communication technologies and services applied to SE mobilitet, rörlighet transport and the related infrastructure möjlighet att dra nytta av transportsystemet NO mobilitet