SUBALTERN PORTRAYALS IN THE HUNGER GAMES: MOCKINGJAY PART 1 MOVIE A Thesis Submitted in Partialfulfillment of the Requirement for the Bachelor Degree of Sarjana Humaniora in English and Literature Department ofAdab and Humanities Faculty of State Islamic University of Alauddin Makassar By: INDAH MEGAWATI Reg Number: 40300113022 ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY ALAUDDIN STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF MAKASSAR 2017 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First, the researcher would like to expresses a lot of thanks to the God, who has given a grace and guidance in finishing this study at Alauddin State Islamic University Makassar. The researcher also never forgot to send great respect to our prophet Muhammad SAW, who has guided the human being from the worst to the peace or from the bad condition to the better life. In finishing this thesis, the researcher got many helps and supports from people around her. There are many people have given their motivation, advices, and even remark that helped the researcher so much. Therefore, the researcher would like to express her appreciation to all of them. 1. The special gratitude is expressed to the researcher’s lovely parents, Alm. Anwar Mahading and Sitti Aminah and her lovely siblings, Whirma Ahmad and Zhylvia Ramdha who have become the second source of funds for her. Moreover, for Neji that has spread her love and always amuse the researcher effortlessly. 2. A lot of thanks to Prof. Dr. Musafir Pababbari, M.Si as the Rector of UIN Alauddin Makassar. Next, the dean of Adab and Humaniora Faculty, Dr. H. Barsihannor, M. Ag, the head of English and Literature Department, H. Muh. Nur Akbar Rasyid, M.Pd., M.Ed., Ph.D, and the secretary of English and vi Literature Department, Syahruni Junaid, S.S, M.Pd, for their supports and suggestions. 3. The deep gratitude is expressed to the researcher’s supervisors, Dr. H. Barsihannor, M.Ag. and Hj. Nahdhiyah, S.S., M.Pd. for their guidances, comments, corrections, and supports to the researcher to finish this thesis. 4. To the lecturers of Adab and Humaniora Faculty, especially lecturers of English and Literature Department to the staffs of Adab and Humanities faculty, for their help and administrative support. 5. Her wonderful friends that called in Tedong in this case, Afnaimah A., S.Hum (soon), Dien Afni Ariyati S.Hum, Andi Ika Sukarni, S.Hum and Adibah Munir, S.Hum (soon) who already become lovely friends for last four years. 6. Her gratitude to the super awesome human being in universe, in this case, Muhammad Nur Syahramdani who always got the researcher’s back and stand with the researcher no matter what, thank you for the amazing time. 7. The lovely classmate’s friends in AG 3 and 4, that cannot mention one by one thanks for a wonderful time since 2013 up to present. 8. Her coolest girls on earth since 2011 up to present, Andi Ariska Utami, Amd, Husrianti, SE and Andi Bella Randi, Amd, thank you for being sweet and kindhearted friends. vii LIST OF CONTENTS COVER........................................................................................................ i PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI....................................................... ii PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING.................... ........................................... iii PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI .......................................................................... iv APPROVAL SHEET............................................................................. ........ v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................... vi LIST OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ ix ABSTRACT................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Research Background ........................................................................ 1 B. Research Question ............................................................................. 4 C. Research Objective ............................................................................ 4 D. Research Significance ........................................................................ 4 E. Research Scope ................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Previous Researches .......................................................................... 6 B. Conceptual Framework ...................................................................... 8 1. Concept of Subaltern ................................................................... 8 2. Synopsis ...................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Research Method ............................................................................... 17 B. Data Source ....................................................................................... 17 C. Research Instrument .......................................................................... 17 D. Data Collection Procedure ................................................................. 18 E. Data Analysis Technique ................................................................... 18 ix CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS A. Findings ............................................................................................ 19 B. Discussion ......................................................................................... 35 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusion ........................................................................................ 41 B. Suggestion ......................................................................................... 42 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................... 43 APPENDIX................................................................................................. .. 45 BIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………….. 81 x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter was started with the background of Subaltern Portrayal in The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 Movie. Then it presented research question, research objective, research significances and research scope. A. Background of Study Literature does not seem to be detached from daily life. The term „literature‟ is more focused and restricted to merely imaginative works, which comes up from the imaginative mind of the story writers. Klarer (2004:14) stated that in most cases, literature is referred to as the entirety of written expression, with the restriction that not every written document can be categorized as literature in the more exact sense of the word. The definitions, therefore, usually include additional adjectives such as aesthetic or artistic to distinguish literary works from texts such as newspapers, scientific textbooks, magazines, legal documents, brochures and so on. Wellek and Warren (1984: 22) also stated that the term literature seems best if people limit it to the art of literature, that is, to imaginative literature. Literature is also produced by imagination of the author. Literature is not just a document of facts, it is not just the collection of real events though it may happen in the real life. To actualize author imagination, the author may use movie as literarywork. 1 2 Movie, just like the other pieces of literature, is work of an art. Johnstone in Nikmah (2014: 1) stated that movie is complex text linguistic, structure, and visual codes which are arranged to produce the special meaning. It attempts to describe the world where people live. Arnheim (1957:28) further stated thus film, like the theater, provides a partial illusion. Up to a certain degree it gives the impression of real life. It is quite different with novel and poetry that the story is based on the text and need more time to get an understanding, even though movie is shorter and contain less texts, but movie needs more analysis to understand the hidden meaning behind less texts. Movie has several genres, such as comedy, drama, science-fiction and etc. Science-fiction is a genre of movie that combines fiction and science. This genre usually tells about the future, alien and technology advance. According to Parkes (2013: 3), Science fiction appears to occupy a unique space in being able to critique the modern world without actually representing the modern world itself. One of science-fiction movies is The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1. The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1 (2014) is an adapted science fiction movie from trilogy novel written by Suzanne Collins. The movie is directed by Francis Lawrence. The movie tells about a place or country which consists of thirteen districts with the center of government named capitol that is ruled by a dictator president who uses his power arbitrarily without considering the humanity. In social and political aspect, the capitol discriminated the people 3 based on the wealth and power, where the people in districts lived in poverty and misery, while the capitol lived in harmony and prosperous. The district people also cannot speak for their rights and had to follow all of the rules that capitol made, if the districts did not follow the rules, the capitol directly slain them. The districts also may be recognized as subaltern. Subaltern is a term for oppressed people that is created by Antonio Gramsci who means “inferior”, dominated subject, or more familiar with them who as inferior Gandhi(2006:1). Subaltern is also defined as “they are not