World History Chapter 3: 600-300 B.C. Section 4: 500-400 B.C. Political History By Dallin Hardy 5th Century B.C. 500-400 B.C. Athens Athens Acropolis Religious and civic center Agora Marketplace Persia Royal Road 5th century B.C. Ionian Greeks Asia Minor Sought independence Ionian Revolt 499-493 B.C. Against Persian rule Persian Wars Greco-Persian Wars 499-479 B.C. Greeks vs. Persians First Persian Invasion 492 B.C. Second Persian Invasion 490 B.C. Battle of Marathon 490 B.C. Marathon Run Version #1 Pheidippides Ran from Marathon to Athens 26.2 Miles Marathon Run Version #2 Pheidippides Ran from Marathon to Sparta to ask for help 140 Miles 2 Days Xerxes I 486-465 B.C. King of Persia Greek League Greek city-states Resist Persian invasion Themistocles Athenian general Building the Athenian Navy 483 B.C. Third Persian Invasion 480 B.C. Led by Xerxes Athens’ “Wooden Wall” 480 B.C. Battle of Thermopylae 480 B.C. 300 Spartans Led by King Leonidas Defended Thermopylae Burning of Athens 480 B.C. By the Persians Battle of Salamis 480 B.C. Results Athenian victory Trireme 5th & 4th centuries B.C. Dominated Naval warfare Pausanias Spartan general Battle of Plataea 479 B.C. Last major battle of Persian Wars Results of the Persian Wars Greek victory Saved Western Civilization Athens Golden Age of Athens 480 B.C. to 404 B.C. Delian League 478 B.C. Alliance of city-states Aegean Sea Led by Athens Delos Delian League’s Meeting-ground Treasury Ostracism of Themistocles 472 B.C. Persian Empire Artaxerxes I 465-424 B.C. King of Persia Athens Cimon Soldier and statesman Led Athens after Persian Wars Thasian Rebellion 465 B.C. Ostracism of Cimon 461 B.C. Pericles 461-429 B.C. Athenian Statesman “First citizen of Athens” First Peloponnesian War 460-445 B.C. Between Peloponnesian League Delian League Age of Pericles 461-429 B.C. Expansion of Democracy Long Walls 458 B.C. Relocation of the Treasury 454 B.C. Delian League To Athens Pericles’ Reconstruction Plan 447 B.C. Thirty Years’ Peace 445 B.C. Between Athens Sparta Officially ended First Peloponnesian War Pericles’ Athens 432 B.C. Athenian Empire 431-404 B.C. Emerged from Delian League Athens on the Eve of War 431 B.C. Peloponnesian War Peloponnesian War 431-404 B.C. Siege of Athens 431-421 B.C. Funeral Oration 431 B.C. Pericles Plague of Athens 430 B.C. Killed 1/3 of the population Athenian Mob Rule 420s B.C. Peace of Nicias 421 B.C. Peace treaty between Athens Sparta Persian Empire Death of Artaxerxes I 424 B.C. Peloponnesian War Alcibiades Athenian general Persuaded Athenians To attack Sicily Sicilian Expedition 415-413 B.C. Athens sought to conquer Syracuse Spartan-Persian Alliance 413 B.C. Lysander Commander of the Spartan fleet Fall of Athens 404 B.C. Results of the Peloponnesian War Ended Athenian Empire Rule of Thirty Tyrants 404-403 B.C. Rome Cincinnatus 458 B.C. Roman dictator Relinquished power Decemvirs 450 B.C. Council of Ten Twelve Tables 450 B.C. First code of laws Roman Constitution Marcus Furius Camillus “Second Founder of Rome” Triumphs of Camillus .