The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia A world without the death penalty Australia's Advocacy for the Abolition of the Death Penalty Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade May 2016 Canberra © Commonwealth of Australia 2016 ISBN 978-1-74366-490-2 (Printed version) ISBN 978-1-74366-491-9 (HTML version) This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs 3.0 Australia License. The details of this licence are available on the Creative Commons website: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/au/. Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................................ vii Membership of the Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade ....................... ix Membership of the Human Rights Sub-Committee ............................................................................. xi Terms of reference ............................................................................................................................ xiii List of abbreviations ........................................................................................................................... xv List of recommendations ................................................................................................................... xix 1 Introduction and background ............................................................................. 1 Context of the inquiry ............................................................................................................... 1 Conduct of the inquiry .............................................................................................................. 2 Structure of the report .............................................................................................................. 3 Views on the death penalty ...................................................................................................... 4 2 The movement towards abolition ....................................................................... 7 Status of capital punishment around the world ..................................................................... 7 Executing countries and numbers of executions ......................................................................... 7 Methods of execution and due process ..................................................................................... 10 Political context of imposing the death penalty .......................................................................... 11 International law and the death penalty ................................................................................ 12 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Second Optional Protocol ............ 15 Article 6 of the ICCPR ............................................................................................................... 17 Article 7 of the ICCPR ............................................................................................................... 19 Norms of international law ..................................................................................................... 21 Decisions of the United Nations ............................................................................................ 22 American Convention on Human Rights and related Protocol ........................................... 26 iv The European region .............................................................................................................. 27 United Kingdom ......................................................................................................................... 30 Norway ...................................................................................................................................... 32 Committee comment ............................................................................................................... 34 3 Australia and the death penalty ....................................................................... 35 Australia’s domestic position ................................................................................................ 35 Popular views in Australia ......................................................................................................... 37 Extradition ............................................................................................................................... 39 Mutual assistance ................................................................................................................... 41 Australia’s international obligations ..................................................................................... 45 Committee comment ............................................................................................................... 47 Recommendation .................................................................................................................... 48 4 Law enforcement and the death penalty.......................................................... 49 Police cooperation on international crime prevention ......................................................... 49 The AFP’s planned review ........................................................................................................ 62 The United Kingdom’s approach ............................................................................................... 62 Aid to foreign law enforcement agencies ............................................................................. 64 Australia’s aid commitments...................................................................................................... 66 International approaches to drug crime and control ........................................................... 68 Committee comment ............................................................................................................... 77 Recommendations .................................................................................................................. 80 5 Australia’s international engagement .............................................................. 81 Recent international advocacy .............................................................................................. 82 Recent bilateral advocacy ...................................................................................................... 84 Support for civil society advocacy ........................................................................................ 86 The work of Parliamentarians ................................................................................................ 88 Supporting Australians at risk overseas ............................................................................... 91 Serious Overseas Criminal Matters Scheme and Special Circumstances Scheme .................. 93 Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran ..................................................................................... 96 Proposals for change ................................................................................................................ 99 Approaches to advocacy – focusing on human rights ...................................................... 101 v Committee comment ............................................................................................................. 110 Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 112 6 Improving Australia’s advocacy ..................................................................... 115 An Australian death penalty strategy .................................................................................. 116 Multilateral strategies .............................................................................................................. 122 Bilateral strategies ................................................................................................................... 128 Civil society engagement ........................................................................................................ 142 Supporting research and building capacity.............................................................................. 150 The role of Parliamentarians ................................................................................................ 154 The role of the private sector ............................................................................................... 158 Committee comment ............................................................................................................. 161 Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 163 Appendix A—List of Submissions ........................................................................ 167 Appendix B—List of Exhibits ................................................................................ 171 Appendix C—Answers to Questions on Notice ................................................... 175 Appendix D—List of Public Hearings ................................................................... 177 Appendix E—Summary of DFAT’s diplomatic advocacy on death penalty abolition ..........................................................................................