94192bindex.qxd 6/3/08 3:29 PM Page 835 Index Symbols and Numbers 2600 # key, as end of dialing feature, 96 meetings, 512–522 10 reserved bytes, and virus detection, 291 writer indicted, 73 10297, 484 2600 Hz, 221 10457, 484 300 baud modems, 43 10502, 484 311, 483 10811, 484 31337SP34K, hacking, 816–817 10nnn, 93–97 3D glasses, 812–816 110w, 761 411 128-bit keys, cryptosystems, 308 directory assistance, 47 1633 Hz, 31 step offices and, 51 1980s 414 gang, 22 corporate history, see corporations. see 56-bit keys, Data Encryption Standard, 308 corporations, 1980s 62-second trick, and virus detection, 291 early days of Net. see Internet, early days of 64-bit keys, cryptosystems, 308 hacker philosophy. see hackers, philosophy *67, 483, 669 last days of Ma Bell. see Ma Bell 710 trick, 667 new toys. see telecommunications toys, 1980s 800 numbers raids. see raids, 1980s allocating, 92–93 stories. see stories, 1980s types of, 111–112 1990s 802.11b wireless networks, 733–739 computer revolution. see computer revolution background and basics, 733–734 hackers and the law. see law enforcement, 1990s community, 737–738 hackers really discovered in, 233–234 detecting, 734–736 hacking other things. see hacking other things getting to know your neighbors, 739–743 pop culture. see pop culture,COPYRIGHTED 1990s hacking MATERIAL Captivate network, 743–744 stories. see stories, 1990s non-beaconing, 737 2000 and beyond packet types, 734 hacker stories. see stories, 2000 and beyond practical examples, 738–739 lawsuits. see lawsuits, 2000 and beyond securing, 737 retail hacking. see retail hacking SSID cloaking, 736–737 telephony. see telephones, in 21st century threats to, 738 toys. see telecommunications toys, 21st century WEP, 736 2111 conference, 81 900 numbers, 93 94192bindex.qxd 6/3/08 3:29 PM Page 836 836 Index 911 computer program Advanced Multi-Band Excitation (AMBE), facts and rumors, 509–510 XM Radio, 756 negative feedback on hacking, 506–507 Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. seizing of Phrack newsletter, 493–496, 500–501 see ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects seizure of Jolnet, 497–498 Agency Network) views from a Fed, 384–385 advanced transmitters, 360 950 exchange, 84 advertising, while on hold, 90 976 (dial-it) numbers, 62 AEGIS encryption, 364 9999 numbers, 9–11 Aercom, 436 AFCEA (Armed Forces Communications & A Electronics Association), 248 A400S Fortezza Serial Modem, 312 Afghan phone system, 657–659 AB50 California bill, 811 Afghan Wireless Communications Company ABIX cellular interface, 105 (AWCC), 658 absent without leave (AWOL), 628 Aiken Biphase, MetroCards, 790 access charges, 488–490 Air Force law enforcement agencies, 620–623 access codes Airfone, 93 equal access, 93–97 AirSnort, 701 for networks, 109–111 Airsnort, 735 obtaining, 106 Akamai, 738 pseudo-felon obtaining, 630–634 alarms, ATM, 768 safe phreaking and, 106 algorithms, hacking credit card, 370–372 access points ALI (Automatic Location Identification), connecting to wireless network, 740–741 681–682 discovering with Kismet, 740 Alliance Teleconferencing Service, 76–82 exploring, 741 conference controls, 78–79 as security professional’s job, 386 conference numbers, 76–78 WiFi MITM attacks, 744–746 dangers, 79 ACCS (Automated Calling Card Service), 40 other conferences, 81 Acid Phreak, imprisonment of, 526 overview of, 76–77 ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union), stunts, 80–81 185–188 Allnet (Combined Network Services) acoustic modems, cell phones, 105 access code, 94 ACR (Anonymous Call Rejection), 669–670 how it works, 66–69 active detection, wireless networks, 734 leasing lines from AT&T, 96 activity logs, hacking, 400 multi-carrier toll abuse and, 222–223 ACTS (Automated Coin Toll System) sleazy practices of, 171–173 added to red box, 443 all-relay step office, 51–52 how pay phones work, 36–38, 40 alpha numeric pager units why redboxing doesn’t work, 447–448 defined, 340 ad groups, Google AdWords, 796–800 length of messages, 342 addresses sending out messages, 341 guide to credit card fraud, 190 alter tone, pagers, 341 reading network, 153–155 altered bias oscillator frequency, surveillance ad-hoc packets, 734 tape recorders, 361 ADS (Audio Distribution Systems), hacking, Alternate Operator Services (AOS), 158, 169–170 69–71, 181–184 Alvord, Thomas, 114 advanced dial-out slave infinity device, 359 Amateur Action BBS, 559 advanced modulation transmitters, 355 Amateur Radio, 367–369 94192bindex.qxd 6/3/08 3:29 PM Page 837 Index 837 AMBE (Advanced Multi-Band Excitation), Armed Forces Communications & Electronics XM Radio, 756 Association (AFCEA), 248 American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Army law enforcement agencies, 620–623 185–188 ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency American Express phone story, 18–19 Network) Ameritech, 83 communications network of, 148–149 AMPS control bus, 104 future of, 148 Amsterdam elections, hacking, 807–809 gateways, 149–150 ANAC (Automatic Number Announcement how it works, 146–147 Circuit), ANI, 664 moving around, 146 analog receivers, satellite TV, 763–764 overview of, 145–146 Andrews, Rich, 497 reading addresses, 154 ANI (Automatic Number Identifier) safety tips and interesting programs, 147 Caller ID vs., 665 Worldnet concept, 151–152 spoofing, 664–669 Worldnet concept and, 151–152 using diverters, 61 Article 15, military law, 621–622 Verizon’s Call Intercept and, 671–672 Article 32 hearing, military hearing, 620 ANI-fails, 665, 667–669 Article 32 hearing, military hearings, 622 Anna Virus, 639–640 ARU (Audio Response Unit), ANI, 664 ANONYMOUS accounts, ARPANET, 147–148 ASPENs (Automated SPeech Exchange Anonymous Call Rejection (ACR), 669–670 Network) voice mail, 472–473 answering machine hacking, 659–662 Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for answering services, 62 the Soul (Crick), 826 Answers for Gateway, hacking, 729–730 Astro, 363 antennas AT&T Communications cell phone, 105 800 numbers, 111–112 detecting 802.11b networks, 736 900 numbers, 93 GSM system, 431 access code, 94 pager decoding setup, 347 Advanced 800 Service, 92 radio piracy using, 760 Alliance Teleconferencing Service owned by, XM Radio, 754 76–77 AntennAudio, 724–725 dark side of Ma Bell breakup, 71–73 anti-cybersquatting act, 581, 583 detecting blue box usage, 29 AOS (Alternate Operator Services), 158, how it works, 66–69 169–170 Italian yellow page directory, 114 appeals process, military, 623 multi-carrier toll abuse and, 222–223 Application Processors. see APs (Application phone call rates, 483 Processors) privacy petition of, 99 application-layer encryption, wireless regulated through divesture agreement, 83–84 networks, 737 ATA-186 adapter, Vonage broadband security, APs (Application Processors) 686–687 CampusWide servers, 605 Atlanta Three, 509–510 exploits, 611–612 ATMs, NCR, 765–768 getting into database through, 606 atomic bomb, true story of first, 5–7 area code (NPA), pagers, 346 ATSC standard, 762 area codes ATTRIB command, 291 New York City in 1990s, 486–487 attribute byte, and virus detection, 291 Telnet using, 121–122 A-type pay phone system, 36 Argentina hackers, 557–559 94192bindex.qxd 6/3/08 3:29 PM Page 838 838 Index AUC (AUthentication Center) database, 430, threatening wireless networks, 738 432–433 XM Radio and, 754–755, 757–758 Audio Distribution Systems (ADS), hacking, banking 69–71, 181–184 1986 technology, 141 authentication, wireless networks, 737 Pronto electronic services, 162–164 authorization codes, phone phreaks, 109 banned books, 310 AUTHORIZE program, hacking VMS, 131–132 Bar Code Sorter (BCS), USPS, 375 AUTODIN (AUTOmatic DIgital Network), bar codes, Home Depot insecurity, 696–697 30–31 .BAS extension, RSTS/E, 129 AUTOEXEC.BAT file, 291 Base Station Controllers (BSCs), GSM, 431, 432 Automated Calling Card Service (ACCS), 40 Base Transceiver Station (BTS), GSM, 431–433 Automated Coin Toll System. see ACTS batteries, mobile scanner, 102 (Automated Coin Toll System) battery-powered transmitters, 354 Automated SPeech Exchange Network BAUDOT, modems and, 48 (ASPENs) voice mail, 472–473 BBS (bulletin board systems) AUTOmatic DIgital Network (AUTODIN), Ghost Board, 397–398 30–31 hacker communications and, 223–224 Automatic Location Identification (ALI), one interpretation of, 223–227 681–682 possible threat of, 229 Automatic Number Announcement Circuit private mailboxes and public levels for, 200 (ANAC), ANI, 664 progress made against victimizing, 194–197 Automatic Number Identifier. see ANI seizing Private Sector, 184–187, 189–192 (Automatic Number Identifier) Sherwood Forest shut down, 197–198 AUTOSEVOCOM (AUTOmatic SECure VOice story about hacked, 398–401 COMmunications), 30 Sysops protection, 192–194 AUTOVON (AUTOmatic VOice Network) victimizing, 187–189 false charges against Private Sector BBS, 190 BCS (Bar Code Sorter), USPS, 375 history of, 30–31 BCwipe, 285 silver box and, 24 beacon packets, 734, 736–737 AWCC (Afghan Wireless Communications Because It’s There network (BITNET), 149–152 Company), 658 beepers, 113, 340 AWOL (absent without leave), 628 beige box, 408–414, 445 Axxess Technologies, 710–711 Bell, Alexander Graham, 22 Bell Atlantic, 83, 482 B Bell monopoly. see Ma Bell Baby Bells, 21–22 Bell step office, 51 NYNEX/New York Telephone as, 83 BellSouth answering machines, 662 baby monitors, 356 Bergsman, Paul, 536 .BAC extension, RSTS/E, 129 Bernie S. (Ed Cummings) Back in Business: Disaster Recovery/Business fallout, 540–543 Resumption (Commonwealth Films), 239 false imprisonment of, 523, 563 Back Orifice (BO) tutorial, 294–296 freedom of speech on Net and, 539–540 backbones, Internet, 303 guilty plea, 535–538 backdoor exits, from U.S. Military, 627–628 how this happened, 544 backscatter modulation, toll pass systems, 328 media guiding perception of, 257–258 backspoofing, 672–675 saga of, 531–534 bandwidth torture of, 569 history of, 816 Best Buy, hacking, 692–695 long-distance charges and, 489–490 94192bindex.qxd 6/3/08 3:29 PM Page 839 Index 839 BHCA (Busy Hour Call Attempts), cell boxing phones, 86 AUTOVON and, 30–31 bias oscillator frequency, surveillance tape beige box, 408–414, 445 recorders, 361 black box, 25, 221, 441–442 Biham, Eli, 309 blue box.