SPC ACTIVITIES the Fisheries Department’s in the next issue of the Fisheries Fisheries Department): sfb- premises. The association’s aim Newsletter. [email protected] or Antoine is to promote and assist with the Teitelbaum (SPC Aquaculture development of aquaculture in For more information, contact Officer): [email protected] Vanuatu. There will be an Sompert Rena Gereva (Senior update on both of these events Fisheries Biologist at Vanuatu NEARSHORE FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING SECTION Technical assistance to Niue Fisheries Department SPC trained Niue’s Fisheries done by the Pacific Islands The Namukulu FAD will be Department staff in the plan- Applied Geoscience Commission placed 1.7 nm offshore at a ning, construction and deploy- (SOPAC) in Niue. The Halagigie depth of 700 m. ment of fish aggregating devices FAD is 2 nm offshore in 720 m (FADs). depth, while the Matapu FAD is The FADs were constructed 1.5 nm offshore in 700 m depth. according to the design recom- FADs are very important to Niue’s fishermen because they concentrate fishing effort, which saves fishermen time and fuel in getting to the fishing ground. Although the Niue Fisheries Department staff have participat- ed in some areas of previous FAD work, they need to be proficient in all aspects of the work in order to maintain a sustainable FAD programme to ease the opera- tions of the island’s commercial and recreational fishermen. SPC’s Fisheries Development Officer, William Sokimi provid- ed the necessary training. He worked with Niue Fisheries Department staff in construct- ing three FADs (Figs. 1 and 2), one of which was deployed at the Halagigie site and the other at the Matapu site. The third FAD will be deployed near Namukulu by fisheries staff at a later date. The Halagigie and Matapu sites were recommend- ed because they were closer to Alofi and were previously suc- cessful sites. FAD deployment points were selected from earli- er bathymetry survey work Figure 1 (top): Flotation sections for the three FADs completed. Figure 2: (bottom): Transporting FAD to the deployment site. SPC Fisheries Newsletter #124 – January/March 2008 25 SPC ACTIVITIES mended by SPC in its FAD man- ual. A “V” deployment strategy was used with the flotation and anchor coordinates on the V ends and the turning point at the V point. The flotation sec- tion of the FAD was dropped off at a preset coordinate at the 750 m contour. The launch then headed for the second coordi- nate, which was approximately half the mooring length. The positioning of the second coor- dinate was angled towards the 650 m contour. Before the vessel arrived at the second coordinate a slight angle on the rudder was used to bring the launch gently around to a third coordinate that marked the approximate full length of the mooring. This action created a “U” path, although once the vessel settled on its return course, the heading was angled a bit to head for the flotation section. The U turn was towards and parallel to the shal- lower slope (i.e. the island side). Once the full length of the mooring rope was paid out, the anchor deployment depth was confirmed and the anchor deployed (Figs. 3, 4 and 5). Aggregators were tied on after the FADs had settled. The final settling positions were: Halagigie: 19° 03.787’S 169° 58.861’W Depth: 720 m Makapu: 19° 00.674’S 169° 56.875’W Depth: 700 m The charted positions are shown in Figures 6 and 7. Figure 3 (top): Deploying the anchor. Figure 4 (middle): Anchor deployed. Figure 5 (bottom): Halagigie FAD settled in the water shortly after deployment. 26 SPC Fisheries Newsletter #124 – January/March 2008 SPC ACTIVITIES Compared with the straight line pulls the flotation section under- underwater using the U method, deployment method, the V or U water for a short period before it but the movement is much gen- deployment methods place less resurfaces. The U method, how- tler than the straight line method. strain on the mooring ropes ever, does not pull the flotation Also, the anchor is deployed on because the anchor makes its section underwater, but instead the shallower slope so that there way to the bottom. In the trails it slowly through the water is less chance of it settling in straight line method, the heavy until the anchor settles. Some- deeper water. anchor places considerable stress times deeper moorings pull the on the mooring rope and also flotation section of the FAD Figure 6 (left): Halagigie FAD final settling location marked with an X. Figure 7 (right): Makapu FAD final settling location marked with an X. Kavieng pump boat handline fishing trials In mid-November 2007, SPC’s positive outcomes suggested that and retain tuna schools. Between Fisheries Development Officer, the concept could be used else- 20 and 30 FADs have been William Sokimi, worked with where in Papua New Guinea deployed off the coast of Morobe staff of the Commercial Fishing where there is infrastructure and Province to support the Lae tuna Operations (CFO) section of the marketing access to support a pump boat fishery. For the National Fisheries College tuna fishery (e.g. Kavieng in Kavieng trials, however, four (NFC) in Kavieng, Papua New New Ireland Province). FADs were deployed by the Guinea, on a pump boat hand- National Fisheries College (NFC) line fishing trial. The objective of the Kavieng a month prior to pump boat han- pump boat fishing trials was to dlining trials (Fig. 1). These were The inspiration for this project ascertain whether sufficient vol- spaced approximately 5 nm was the success of pump boat umes of tuna could be caught in apart and 2–3 nm off the reef fishing operations carried out in pump boat handlining opera- shoreline to maximise aggregat- Lae (Morobe Province, PNG), in tions to encourage the introduc- ing capabilities. Previous use of mid-2005. The purpose of that tion of a tuna and pelagic fish FADs in pump boat operations project was to supplement tuna species value-adding processing showed that tuna migrated supplies to Frabelle Limited, a capacity at the Kavieng seafood unpredictably between the FADs tuna fishing and canning compa- processing facility. within a cluster, and were most ny based in Lae. The Lae pump probably driven by baitfish boat operations were based on FADS FOR PUMP BOAT FISHERY movements, changes in local cur- those used in the Philippines and rent, or regional seasonal influ- focused on mid-water jigging The pump boat fishery is highly ences on tuna migration habits. methods around FADs. Initial dependant on FADs to aggregate SPC Fisheries Newsletter #124 – January/March 2008 27 SPC ACTIVITIES Figure 1: N° 2 FAD in Kavieng. Figure 2: Chum bag gear. PUMP BOAT HANDLINE FISHING good catch or not. The other aggregation at their station. The METHODS restrictive aspect of the drop- boats then convene at the FAD stone method in commercial with the most tuna. The most effective way to catch fishing is that it does not give large tuna is to use live bait. fishermen much scope to test In replication of the Lae pump Baitfish are jigged with 15–30 kg the waters when tuna detection boat fishing methods, the drop- test monofilament lines and becomes difficult due to move- stone method was improved on small 4/0 J hooks with pink/ ment of schools from one FAD while the live bait jigging meth- blue plastic strips or chicken to another. However, the Lae ods were retained. A chum bag feathers attached. These artificial pump boat fishermen have the with 1 kg sinker was attached to lures are attached to a trunkline in advantage of many boats to the end of the mainline. The a series of three to six hooks per detect the whereabouts of tuna chum bag was used to envelope trunkline, with a 200 g lead sinker schools within their FAD clus- the chum bait as well as 20 m of at the end. The mainline is low- ter. In times of low tuna aggre- 2.0 mm monofilament trunkline ered to approximately 20–60 m gation, the boats spread out with a baited 14/0 to 16/0 tuna (and sometimes 100 m) where it among the FAD cluster and circle hook at the end (Fig. 2). is haltingly retrieved in a jigging keep in radio contact, sharing This tuna handlining method is manner. Live bait is hooked onto updated information on tuna very effective in the multi-mil- stronger lines with larger hooks to catch the bigger tuna species. When no live bait is available, fresh bait is used with squid ink or chumbait attractant methods. The traditional dropstone fish- ing method is the main tech- nique used to carry out the chum bait function. Although this method is effective, its application in commercial fish- ing is burdensome and restric- tive because a large amount of suitable flat rocks must be car- ried on each fishing trip. The Filipino fishermen in the Lae fishery use broken flat pieces of building blocks for the drop- stone method. When the rocks run out, fishing stops and the fishermen return to port, regardless of whether there is a Figure 3: Pomat Litau completing a sinker for the scatter bait fishing method. 28 SPC Fisheries Newsletter #124 – January/March 2008 SPC ACTIVITIES lion dollar Okinawa FAD fish- ery. The principles are the same as for the dropstone method, except that the “stone” is retained as well as the “wrap around” leaf. All fishing gear used during the trials were constructed at the NFC waterfront workshop by NFC staff and participants (Figs.