Immune Regulation Experimental Biology and Medicine Immune Regulation, edited by Marc Feldmann and N. A. Mitchison, 1985 Human T Cell Clones: A New Approach to Immune Regu­ lation, edited by Marc Feldmann, Jonathan R. Lamb, and James N. Woody, 1985 Growth, Cancer, and the Cell Cycle, edited by Philip Skehan and Susan J. Friedman, 1984 Ir Genes: Past, Present, and Future, edited by Carl W. Pierce, Susan E. Cullen, Judith A. Kapp, Benjamin D. Schwartz, and Donald C. Shreffler, 1983 Methods in Protein Sequence Analysis. edited by Marshall Elzinga, 1982 Inflammatory Diseases and Copper, edited by John R. J. Sorenson, 1982 Membrane Fluidity: Biophysical Techniques and Cellular Regulation, edited by Morris Kates and Amis Kuksis, 1980 IMMUNE REGULATION Edited by Marc Feldmann and N. A. Mitchison Humana Press . Clifton, New Jersey Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Immune regulation. (Experimental biology and medicine) Based on papers presented at a conference held in 1984 at Cambridge. England. Includes index. I. Immune response-Regulation-Congresses. 1. Feldmann , Marc. II. Mitchison, N. Avrion. III. Series: Experimental biology and medici ne (Clifton, N.J .) [DNLM: I. Cell Differentiation­ congresses. 2. Immunity, Cellular-<:ongresses. 3. L ymphocytes-<:ytology-<:ongresses. 4. Lymphocytes­ immunology-<:ongresses. QW 568 1315 1984] QR186.1437 1985 616.07'9 85-5786 1SBN-\3: 978-1-4612-9390-3 e-1SBN-\3 : 978-1-4612-4996-2 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4996-2 ©1985 The Humana Press Inc. So/trover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1985 Crescent Manor PO Box 2148 Cli fton, NJ 07015 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise without written permission from the Publisher. PREFACE Leukocyte culture conferences have a long pedigree. This volume records some of the scientific highlights of the 16th such annual con­ ference, and is a witness to the continuing evolution and popularity of leukocyte culture and of immunology. There is strong evidence of the widening horizons of immunology, both technically, with the obviously major impact of molecular biology into our understanding of cellular processes, and also conceptually. Traditionally, the 'proceedings' of these conferences have been published. But have the books produced really recorded the major part of the conference, the informal, friendly, but intense and some­ times heated exchanges that take place between workers in tackling very similar problems and systems and which are at the heart of every successful conference? Unfortunately this essence cannot be incorpo­ rated by soliciting manuscripts. For this reason, we have changed the format of publication, retaining published versions of the symposium papers, but requesting the workshop chairmen to produce a summary of the major new observations and areas of controversy highlighted in their sessions, as a vehicle for defining current areas of interest and debate. Not an easy task, as the workshop topics were culled from the abstracts submitted by the participants, rather than being on predefined topics. The unseasonal warmth in Cambridge was reflected in the atmos­ phere of the conference, the organization of which benefited from the administrative skills of Jean Bacon, Philippa Wells, Mr. Peter Irving, and Mrs. Jennifer Hodd (Conference Contact, Cambridge), scientific advice from: Dr. B. Askonas, Dr. P. C. L. Beverley, Dr. M. Crumpton, Dr. M. Feldmann, Dr. M. Greaves, Dr. J. Ivanyi, Dr. J. Kay, Prof. P. Lachmann, Prof. N. A. Mitchison, Dr. M. Owen, Dr. E. Simpson, Dr. R. Taylor, and Dr. T. T wose. Financial support, without which this meeting would simply not have been possible, came from: British Society of Immunology, Can­ cer Research Campaign, Celltech Ltd., DNAX Research Institute, Ge­ netic Systems Corporation, Glaxo pic, ICI Pharmaceuticals pic, Impe­ rial Cancer Research Fund, Leukaemia Research Fund, National Institutes of Health, The Wellcome Trust, Behring Diagnostics Ltd, v vi Preface Elsevier Publications, Laboratory Impex Ltd, Mercia Brocades Ltd, Nyegaard Ltd, Sera Lab Ltd, Serotec Ltd, and Seward Laboratory. We are grateful to the above for their contributions to this confer­ ence, but in the last resort, the quality of a conference depends on the participants, and their enthusiasm was much appreciated. Marc Feldmann N. A. Mitchison CONTENTS Preface........................................................ v List of Participants ............................................. xi I. T CELL RECEPTORS Molecular and Functional Analysis of the Human T Cell Antigen/MHC Receptor ....................................... 3 Oreste Acuto, Marina Fabbi, and Ellis L. Reinherz Expression Patterns of the Beta Chain of the T Cell Receptor for Antigen ................................................. 15 Stephen M. Hedrick and Mark M. Davis Non Antigen-Specific Surface Molecules Involved in T Lymphocyte Function ....................................... 27 J.-c. Cerottini, H. R. MacDonald, J. Lowenthal, and R. Shimonkevitz T Cell Activation Antigens: Kinetics, Tissue Distribution, Molecular Weights, and Functions; Induction on Non T Cell Lines by Lymphokines ................................... 39 D. Olive, P. Dubreuil, D. Charmot, C. Mawas, and P. Mannoni The Induction of Antigen Specific Unresponsiveness in Cloned T Lymphocytes ........................ ..................... 51 J. R. Lamb and E. D. Zanders WORKSHOP SUMMARIES Signals in B Cell Activation ....................................... 61 A. Schimpl and R. B. Corley Molecular Events in T Lymphocyte Activation ....................... 65 J. Gordin Kaplan and John E. Kay Human Regulatory Cell Interactions ............................... 71 Nancy Hogg and J. Farrant Human Natural Killer Cells ....................................... 75 Rolf Kiessling and Hugh Pross Control of MHC Gene Expression ................................. 79 J. G. Frelinger and M. J. Owen vii viii Contents II. GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION FACTORS Haemopoietic Cell Growth Factor: Characterisation and Mode of Action .................................................. 83 A. D. Whetton and T. M. Dexter Regulation of Human B Lymphocytes Differentiation: Characteristics of B Cell Stimulatory Factors .................... 89 T. Hirano, H. Kikutani, K. Shimizu, H. Kishi, T. Taga, K. Ishibashi, S. Inui, S. Kashiwamura, N. Nakano, Y. Miki, T. Nakagawa, and T. Kishimoto The Human B Cell Cycle: Activation, Proliferation, and Differentiation ............................................ 101 Julian L. Ambrus, Jr. and Anthony S. Fauci Possible Autoregulatory Roles of Interleukin 1 for Normal Human Epithelial Cells, Monocytes, and B Lymphocytes ....... 111 J. J. Oppenheim, K. Matsushima, K. Onozaki, A. Procopio, and G. Scala Cloning of an IgE Immunoregulatory Factor by Expression in Mammalian Cells . ... .... ............... .. ... ... ....... ... 121 C. Martens, T. Huff, P. Jardieu, K. Ishizaka, and K. Moore WORKSHOP SUMMARIES Normal and Abnormal B Cell Regulation .............. .......... 131 David W. Scott and Klaus Eichmann Probing the T-Cell Repertoire ................ ... ..... .......... 135 A. Moretta and C. J. M. Melief Role of Thymus T Cell Differentiation .... ....... .. ..... ...... 141 J. J. T. Owen and R. Scollay Regulation of NK Activity .. .. ... ..................... ........ 145 John Ortaldo and Graham Flannery Receptors Involved in T Cell Activation ............... .......... 151 Dominique J. Charron and Michael J. Crumpton III. LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION Transformation of Cells by Epstein-Barr Virus: An Hypothesis ....... 159 Beverly E. Griffin Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Retroviruses (HTLV) Associated with T-Cell Malignancy and Immunodeficiency: In Vitro Studies .............. ........................... ........ 167 Mikulas Popovic and Robert C. Gallo Contents ix Stage Specific Transforming Genes in Lymphoid Neoplasms ......... 181 M. A. Lane, H. A. F. Stephens, M. B. Tobin, and Kevin Doherty Molecular Cloning and Expression of cDNAs Encoding the Human Interleukin-2 Receptor ............................... 185 Warren J. Leonard, Joel M. Depper, Gerald R. Crabtree, Stuart Rudikoff, Janet Pumphrey, Richard J. Robb, Martin Kronke, Penny B. Svetlik, Nancy J. Peffer, Thomas A. Waldman, and Warner C. Greene Mantle Zone and Germinal Center B Cells Respond to Different Activation Signals .......................................... 197 Jeffrey A. Ledbetter, Paul J. Martin, and Edward A. Clark Development of T Cells Within the Thymus ....................... 207 J. J. T. Owen and E. J. Jenkinson IV. SELECTIVE RECOGNITION BY T AND 8 CELLS lntrathymic Differentiation and the T Cell Repertoire ................ 215 Roland Scollay Molecular Nature of T Cell Recognition of Antigen .................. 225 Emil R. Unanue, Paul M. Allen, and Evelyn A. Kurt-Jones Recognition of Viral Nucleoprotein by Influenza A Specific Cytotoxic T Cells .......................................... 231 A. R. M. Townsend, A. J. McMichael, and G. G. Brownlee The Chemistry of Antigen-Antibody Union ........................ 243 Elizabeth D. Getzoff, John A. Tainer, and Richard A. Lerner Peptides as Potential Vaccines Against Foot and Mouth Disease ................................................... 259 F. Brown WORKSHOP SUMMARIES Bone Marrow Differentiation ......................... ... ........ 267 J. G. Sharp and Ellen E. E. Jarrett Role of Cell Surface