Sustainable Destination Management Strategies in the OIC Member Countries COMCEC COORDINATION OFFICE February 2019 Standing Committee for Economic and Commercial Cooperation of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (COMCEC) Sustainable Destination Management Strategies in the OIC Member Countries COMCEC COORDINATION OFFICE February 2019 This report has been commissioned by the COMCEC Coordination Office to DinarStandard. Views and opinions expressed in the report are solely those of the authors and do not represent the official views of the COMCEC Coordination Office (CCO) or the Member Countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the COMCEC/CCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its political regime or frontiers or boundaries. Designations such as “developed,” “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the state reached by a particular country or area in the development process. The mention of firm names or commercial products does not imply endorsement by COMCEC and/or CCO. The final version of the report is available at the COMCEC website.* Excerpts from the report can be made as long as references are provided. All intellectual and industrial property rights for the report belong to the CCO. This report is for individual use and it shall not be used for commercial purposes. Except for purposes of individual use, this report shall not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including printing, photocopying, CD recording, or by any physical or electronic reproduction system, or translated and provided to the access of any subscriber through electronic means for commercial purposes without the permission of the CCO. For further information please contact: COMCEC Coordination Office Necatibey Caddesi No:110/A 06100 Yücetepe Ankara/TURKEY Phone: 90 312 294 57 10 Fax: 90 312 294 57 77 Web: www.comcec.org *E-book: http://ebook.comcec.org ISBN: 978-605-7519-00-9 Contents Contents ................................................................................................................................................................................ i List of Figures .................................................................................................................................................................... ii List of Tables .................................................................................................................................................................... iii List of Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................................iv Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Background and Methodology................................................................................................................................. 17 Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................... 20 1. Sustainable Destination Management ........................................................................................................... 26 1.1. Governance and Regulatory Environment ........................................................................................ 27 1.2. Sustainable Tourism Strategies .............................................................................................................. 30 1.3. Monitoring and Evaluation of Sustainable Tourism ...................................................................... 46 2. Case Studies ............................................................................................................................................................... 51 2.1. Field Case Studies ........................................................................................................................................... 51 2.1.1. Maldives ............................................................................................................................................. 51 2.1.2. Oman ...................................................................................................................................................... 57 2.1.3. Uganda .................................................................................................................................................. 64 2.2. Desk Case Studies .......................................................................................................................................... 75 2.2.1. Denmark ............................................................................................................................................... 75 2.2.2. Italy ........................................................................................................................................................ 82 2.2.3. Jordan .................................................................................................................................................... 91 2.2.4. Palestine ............................................................................................................................................... 99 3. OIC Member States vs. Global Best Practices Comparative Analysis ............................................. 105 3.1. Sustainable Destination Management Parameters ..................................................................... 105 3.2. Parameter 1: Supportive Regulatory Environment .................................................................... 105 3.3. Parameter 2: Stakeholder Engagement and Support ................................................................. 109 3.4. Parameter 3: Effective Sustainable Tourism Strategies ............................................................ 111 3.5. Parameter 4: Access to Funding ........................................................................................................... 117 3.6. Parameter 5: Monitoring Destination Sustainability .................................................................. 119 4. Policy Recommendations for the OIC Member States .......................................................................... 122 References ..................................................................................................................................................................... 140 i List of Figures Figure 1: Impact of Tourism ................................................................................................................................................ 21 Figure 2: The Triple Bottom Line and Aims of Sustainable Tourism ................................................................ 24 Figure 3: DMO Activities Serving Sustainable Tourism Goals.............................................................................. 26 Figure 4: Sustainable Tourism Strategies ..................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 5: Sustainable Tourism Strategies Importance Performance Matrix ................................................. 34 Figure 6: Survey Findings - Priority Areas for Sustainability Policies ............................................................. 35 Figure 7: Survey Findings - Performance of Sustainability Policies .................................................................. 35 Figure 8: Sustainable Tourism Stakeholders ............................................................................................................... 36 Figure 9: Survey Findings - Level of Engagement ..................................................................................................... 41 Figure 10: Sustainable Tourism Funding Sources ..................................................................................................... 42 Figure 11: Survey Findings - Priority Area for Indicators ..................................................................................... 50 Figure 12: Maldives - Ministry of Tourism ................................................................................................................... 53 Figure 13: Oman - Ministry of Tourism .......................................................................................................................... 58 Figure 14: Uganda - Tourism Bodies ............................................................................................................................... 66 Figure 15: Denmark - Tourism Bodies ........................................................................................................................... 77 Figure 16: Italy Tourism Bodies ........................................................................................................................................ 84 Figure 17: Jordan - Tourism Bodies ................................................................................................................................. 93 Figure 18: Sustainable Destination