Ih e 4 / 10 5 - 81 := Apple Disk Interface nna Operating Mystem R ef e r on n> M n n u n ; N ov emb e r 1981 Copyright (C ) - 1981 A ll R tgh ts R eserved W o rldw id e Th e s0F T W AQ ERO U S E P . 0 . B ox 1117 4 nonolulu r Hawa ii 96 82 8 U . S . A . X M TO G C E C opy righ t (C), 19 81 by Th e Soft W areh ouse. A ll R iqhts R ese rv ed W o rldw id e . No Pa rt of th is m anual n ay be r e p r o d u c e d , t r a n s m i t t e d , t r a n s c r i b e d , s t o r e d i n a re tr iev al sy stem , oz trans lated into a ny hum œ n or com p u ter l an g u aq e : in any f o rm o r by a ny m e a n s , e l e c t ro n ic , m echan icalz m açneticr op tica l, chen icalr m anual , o: oth er- w ise , w ith ou t khe exp ress w ritken p e rm zss ion o f The Sof t W areh ouse , P.O . Box 1117 4 , Eon o lulu , Eaw ai i 96 82 8 , D.S .N TQ A D FA A P K M T N c A D IO S is a tr ad en a rk o f T h e S o f t W a r eh o u s e . A p p l e I I r r e f e r r e d t o th r o u g h o u t t h i s n a n u a l , i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r ad e m a r k o f A p p l e C o m p u t e r Inc ., 1 0 26 0 B an d l ey D r iv e , C up e rt in o , C a l i f o r n i a , U .S .A . D T M A TY T h e S o f t W a r eh o u s e m a k e s n o r ep r e s en ta t io n s o r w arranties w ith respect to the con tents he reof and sp ec i- f ic a l ly d i s c l a im s any im p l ie d w a r r an t i e s o f m e r c h an t i- b il i ty o r f i tn e s s f o r a n y p a r t ic u l a r p u rp o s e . F u r t h e r , Th e S o f t W a r eh o u s e r e s e rv e s th e rig h t t o r e v i se th i s p ubl ication and to m ak e chang es from ti m e to ti m e in th e con ten t h ereo f w ithout ob l iqa tion of Th e S of t W a reb ouse to n ot ify an y p e r so n o r o r g a n iz a t i on o f su c h re v is i o n o r ch an g es . ii m An K.R 0 F r T i tl e P ag e . i N o tic e s . ii T ab l e of C on t en ts . ii i 1 . In trod uc tion . l 2 . Sy s tem R eq u ir om en ts . 2 3 . Sy st en S ta rk Up . 3 4 . C omm nnd P rom p t . 4 5 . C om mA nd Sy n ta x . 5 6 . AD IOS C om mn nds . 7 7 . L ine Ed iting F ac il ities . 11 8 . N on-s tAnda rd le Ch a rac ters . 12 9 . The D iskcopy rt il ity . 13 l 0 . Er r o r M e s s a g e s . 1 4 1l . App l icat ion P rog rmm m ing G u id e . 16 A P P E N D I C B S App end ix 1 : Mom ory MAp . 1 8 App end ix II : Zero Paq e U sag e . 1 9 App end ix 111 : J nm p T Ah l e . 2 0 App end ix rV : C nm mand Snmm A ry . 21 In d ex . 2 2 iii M I0 S - 8l R ef e ren c e M An ua l l . In t rM uc t ion T h e A p p l e 1 1 C o m p ut e r h a s b e c o m e e sp e c ia l ly p o p u l a r in th e e d u c a t io n a l an d en g in e e r in g f i el d s . T h i s p ro v id e d T h e S o f t W a r e - h o us e w i th a st r o n g in c en t iv e t o n a k e th e m U K A T H Sy e o l ic K a t h Sy s t e m a n d K U L IS P L IS P L a n g u a g e Sy s t em av a il ab l e o n t h e A p p l e I I . H o w ev e r , th e l a r g e s i z e o f m u M A D an d n UL I S P m a d e i t n e c e s s a ry t o c r e a t e a n o p e r a t in g sy s t e m w h i c h u s e d l e s s m e m o ry s p a c e th a n t h e A p p l e X S . The Apple D isk In terf ace and ON ratàng A stem is th e resul t. M IQS- 8l is a sp ac e eff icien t and f lex ib l e op e ra tin g sy st em f or the A p p l e II . It i s a s i n p l e sy st em t o u s e a nd f u l ly s u p p o rt s : 0 th nlu M c an d m UL IS P . S in c e M IO S is a g en e ra l p u rm se sy st em , it c a n supm rt use r w ritt en 6502 m ach in e languag e app l ication p rog rr s as w e l l . ADIOS supports console I/o and sequential disk I/O f or up to s ix d is k d r iv es . A H l ica ti on p rog r am s , s uch as m US IM P a n d m UL ISP , c a n e a s il y b e l oa d e d a n d r un u s in g s i m p l e M IO S co m m a n d s . Q th e r com m ands d isp lay d irec to ry in f o rm a tion , f o rn at d isket tes , and p e r- f orm f il e m ain t en ance , includ ing th e sav ing , ren am ing , copy ing , and deleting of disk f iles. Access to the App le 11 K on itor (either the Autostart ROM or M onitor K M ) is gained through the use of an other M IOS C o n m an d . l A D I0 S - 8l R e f e ren c e M a nua l 2 . qyste- Reqgir----ts T h e A D IO S - 8 l o p e r a t in g sy s t e m r e q u i r e s a s a m in i m u m t h e f o l low in g con p u t er ha rdw a re in or d e r to op e ra t e : 1 . A n A pp l e 11 o r A pp l e 11 Pl us C om p u t er 2 .