Notes 8.2 Conics Sections – The Ellipse I. Introduction A.) Def: The set of all points in a plane whose distances from two fixed points in the plane have a constant sum. 1.) The fixed points are the FOCI. 2.) The line through the foci is the FOCAL AXIS. 3.) The CENTER is ½ way between the foci and/or the vertices. B.) Forming an Ellipse - When a plane intersects a double-napped cone and is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the base of the cone, an ellipse is formed. C.) Pictures – By Definition - P(x, y) Focus Focus (x, y) d1 d2 (F , 0) 1 (F2, 0) Pictures -Expanded- Minor Axis Center Focus (0, b) Focus Major Axis Vertex (-a, 0)(-c, 0)(0, 0) (c, 0) (a, 0) Vertex (0, -b) a is the SEMI- b is the SEMI- MAJOR axis MINOR axis D.) Standard Form Equation - xy22 yx 22 1 or 1 ab22 ab 22 Where b2 + c2 = a2. E.) ELLIPSES - Center at (0,0) xy22 yx22 1 St. Fm. 22 1 22 ab ab Focal axis x axis yaxis Foci c,0 0, c Semi-Major a a Semi-Minor b b Pyth. Rel. abc222 abc222 F.) ELLIPSES - Center at (h, k) 22 22 xh yk yk xh St. fm. 1 22 1 ab22 ab Focal axis y k xh Foci hck , hk, c Semi-Major a a Semi-Minor b b Pyth. Rel. abc222 abc222 II. Examples A. ) Ex. 1- Find the vertices and foci of the following ellipse: 75 c2 57xy22 35 c 2 22 xy Vertices = 7,0 and 7,0 1 75 Foci = 2,0 and 2,0 abc222 B.) Ex. 2- Find a equation of the ellipse with foci (4,0) and (-4,0) whose minor axis has a length of 6. cb4, 3 222 xy22 a 34 1 25 9 a 5 C.) Ex. 3- Find the center, foci, and vertices of the following ellipse: 22 xy35 1 16 9 center : 3,5 2 16 9 c foci : 3 7,5 c 7 vertices : 7,5 & 1,5 D.) Ex. 2- Find the equation of an ellipse with foci (-2, 1) and (-2, 5) and major-axis endpoints (-2, -1) and (-2,7). vertices. 2, 1 & 2,7 foci 2,1 & 2,5 center 2,3 a 4 22 yx32 c 2 1 16b2 4 16 12 III. Eccentricity c A.) e 01 e a B.) What it tells us – 1.) e close to 0 foci close to center 2.) e close to 1 foci close to vertices IV. Ellipsoids of Revolution A.) Rotate ellipse about its focal axis to get an ellipsoid of revolution B.) Examples of these include whispering galleries and a lithotripter, a device which uses shockwaves to destroy kidney stones..