In cooperation with REGIONAL GUIDELINES ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ASSESSMENT AND VALUATION IN THE PROCESSES OF ESTABLISHING AND MANAGING PROTECTED AREAS IN THE WESTERN BALKANS Novi Sad, Tirana, Belgrade, Sarajevo, Pristina, Skopje, Banja Luka, Podgorica, 2020. In cooperation with PUBLICATION: Regional guidelines on ecosystem services assessment and valuation in the processes of establishing and managing protected areas in the Western Balkans DATE OF PUBLICATION: 2020 REGIONAL GUIDELINES EDITORS: GIZ: Dr. Verena, Sommer ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES INCVP: Marina, Miščević ASSESSMENT AND AUTHORS: Stojnić, N., Kiš, A., Atanasovska, K., Bećirović, Dž., Lazić, M., Pokrajac, S., Selmani, J., Pavkov, S., Puzović, S., Pil, N., Bošnjak, T., Tucakov, M., Sabadoš, K. VALUATION IN THE PROCESSES OF TECHNICAL REVIEW: Emerton, L. ESTABLISHING AND MANAGING COORDINATORS ON BEHALF OF GIZ: Hyseni, E., Peruničić, J. PROTECTED AREAS IN THE DESIGN: Nenad, Mirković WESTERN BALKANS PROOFREADING: Arijana Luburić-Cvijović, Igor Cvijović The opinions stated in this publication represent the opinion of the authors and are not necessarily representative of the position of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH and German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). Novi Sad, Tirana, Belgrade, Sarajevo, Priština, Skopje, Banja Luka, Podgorica, 2020. REGIONAL GUIDELINES ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ASSESSMENT AND VALUATION IN THE PROCESSES OF ESTABLISHING AND MANAGING PROTECTED AREAS IN THE WESTERN BALKANS TABLE OF CONTENTS: LIST OF FIGURES Introduction- Background and purpose of the guidelines ..........................................................................................................................................7 Figure 1: Categories of ecosystem services ......................................................................................................................................................9 Ecossytem services theory and its relation to protected areas ...................................................................................................................................8 Figure 2: Steps in the ESAV process .................................................................................................................................................................12 A brief overview of ecosystem assessment and valuation (ESAV) steps in protected area establishment and management Figure 3: ‘Stakeholder onion’ diagram and example of its application .......................................................................................................30 (PAE/PAM) processes ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12 Figure 4: Power-interest grid and matrix ........................................................................................................................................................30 An overview of resources, time, and staff needed to undertake ESAV .................................................................................................................. 13 Figure 5: Power-interest grid and needs for stakeholder engagement/involvement ..............................................................................31 1. Defining the general scope and parameters S( tep 1) ............................................................................................................................... 14 Figure 6: Toolbox of commonly-used ecosystem valuation methods ........................................................................................................41 1.1. Clarify the main PAE/PAM goals, activities, outcomes and challenges .................................................................................................... 14 1.2. Define the spatial boundaries and timeframe ................................................................................................................................................ 14 2. Listing and prioritizing ecosystem services (Step 2) ................................................................................................................................. 16 2.1. Identify and describe PA ecosystem services .................................................................................................................................................. 16 LIST OF TABLES 2.2. Assess PAE/PAM dependencies and impacts on ecosystem services ....................................................................................................... 16 Table 1: General expertise required for ESAV .................................................................................................................................................13 2.3. Identify stakeholders in PAE/PAM dependencies and impacts on ecosystem services ....................................................................... 18 Table 2: Examples of possible impacts of PAE objectives and measures on ES ........................................................................................17 2.4. Select priority ecosystem services ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18 Table 3: Examples of possible impacts of PAM objectives and measures on ES .......................................................................................17 2.5. Assess the distribution of PAE/PAM costs and benefits .............................................................................................................................. 19 Table 4: Examples of dependence of PAE objectives and measures on ES ................................................................................................17 2.6. Investigate potential tradeoffs, conflicts, and cooperation resulting from PAE/PAM impacts on ecosystem services ............... 19 Table 5: Examples of dependence of PAM objectives and measures on ES ...............................................................................................17 3. Assessing the condition of ecosystem services, their history, trends and drivers (Step 3)..................................................... 20 Table 6: Matrix for prioritising ES impacts and dependencies.....................................................................................................................17 3.1. Identify and list the data needed for the ESAV .............................................................................................................................................. 20 Table 7: Matrix for recording stakeholders’ positions, interests and needs ..............................................................................................29 3.2. Analyse and interpret data on ecosystem services conditions and trends ............................................................................................... 21 Table 8: Matrix for recording stakeholders’ conflicting and shared objectives.........................................................................................31 3.3. Identify and describe the drivers of ecosystem services change ................................................................................................................ 22 3.4. Assess present, past, and future demands for ecosystem services ............................................................................................................ 22 3.5. Calculate the economic value of ecosystem services (optional)................................................................................................................. 22 4. Analyzing the institutional, policy and management framework (Step 4)..................................................................................... 28 4.1. Describe the frameworks and decision-making processes that govern ecosystem services management and use ..................... 28 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 4.2. Examine stakeholders’ positions, interests, and needs concerning PAE/PAM goals, CICES Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services activities and effects on ecosystem services ........................................................................................................................................................... 29 ES Ecosystem service 4.3. Map stakeholder interactions and relationships to PAE/PAM goals, activities and effects on ecosystem services ...................... 29 ESAV Ecosystem service assessment and valuation 4.4. Investigate stakeholder power, influence, interests and possible areas of conflict and cooperation ............................................... 30 GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH 4.5. dentify needs for stakeholder engagement and communications ............................................................................................................. 31 (the German international cooperation agency) 5. Recognizing risks and opportunities (Step 5) .............................................................................................................................................. 33 IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature 5.1. Identify ecosystem services risks and opportunities for PAE/PAM .........................................................................................................