MYCOTAXON Volume 111, pp. 183–196 January–March 2010 Three new phragmosporous hyphomycetes on Ripogonum from an ‘ecological island’ in New Zealand Eric H.C. McKenzie [email protected] Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Abstract — Corynespora ripogoni sp. nov., Ellisembia maungatautari sp. nov., and Solicorynespora maungatautari sp. nov., found on dead stems of Ripogonum scandens in New Zealand, are illustrated and described, and compared with related taxa. Two other hyphomycetes are recorded from New Zealand for the first time. Key words — anamorphic fungi, deuteromycetes, Ellisembia bambusicola, Sporidesmiella parva, taxonomy Introduction Maungatautari Ecological Island is a mainland conservation ‘island’ in central North Island, New Zealand. It is surrounded by 47 km of pest-proof fence, which was completed in August 2006. Except for a few isolated mice, all mammalian pests within the fence have been eradicated. The first of several threatened species of bird have been re-introduced to the area. During a visit to a small part of the reserve some dead stems of the liana, Ripogonum scandens J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Smilacaceae), were collected. Several phragmosporous species of hyphomycetes were identified from the stems, including three new species that are described below. Materials and methods Dead stems of Ripogonum scandens were collected from a forested area in the Maungatautari Ecological Island. The stems were incubated under humid conditions and periodically examined for sporulating microfungi. Fungal fruiting structures were removed, mounted in lactophenol or water, and examined by light microscopy. Measurements were made on material mounted in lactophenol. Dried herbarium specimens of the fungi were prepared and deposited in the New Zealand Fungal Herbarium (Herb. PDD). Some other specimens of fungi on R. scandens and R. album R. Br. (from Australia) held in Herb. PDD were also examined. All of the taxa are treated in alphabetical order by genus. 184 ... McKenzie , India , China China , India , India , India , , India , Indonesia , Nepal , India , India , Singapore , India , China , China , Ghana , Ghana , China , China , China Acalypha Albizia Mexico Leaves, Azadirachta Barleria Beilschmiedia Cassia Clerodendrum Colebrookia Coccinia USA stems, Herbaceous Donax Erythropsis Eurya Ficus Ficus Citrus Erythrina Cryptolepis Bombax Caryota substratum Host/ Septation 26 to Up 15 to Up 18 to Up 8–16 1–6 (1–)2(–3) 1–20 3–14 7–19 10–21 1–24 4–16 6–23 5–10 10–14 4 5–9 11–18 5-10 5–10 3–13 11–19 11–14 7–21.5 8.5–11 6.5–20 × × 10–18.5 8–11 9–11 10–25 10–18.5 8.5–17 6–10 6–22 10–12 9–11 13–20 × × × 3–4.5 8–12 9–12 6–9 9–12 × × × × × × × × × × × m) × × × × × µ 85–120 20–70.1 34–46 44–192 32–303.5 41–246 52–144.5 26–206 45–120 107.5–214 27.5–225.5 45–330 38.5–230 40–250 45–70 25–31 36–67 55–85 51.5–71 50–100 21–157 Size ( Size Conidia brown pale olivaceous brown pale olivaceous olivaceous brown brown Dark olivaceous yellow to to yellow olivaceous Dark yellow Pale pale to Subhyaline mid to Straw-coloured Pale brown Pale yellow Olivaceous brown to brown Pale brown Olivaceous brown Dark brown olivaceous Pale brown Dark yellow olivaceous Pale Pale brown to olivaceous olivaceous to brown Pale Pale brown to brown to brown Pale yellow Pale brown Pinkish olivaceous to brown Pale Pale brown to brown to brown Pale Colour ?Pale olivaceous mid to Pale Pale olivaceous yellow olivaceous Pale species described Siboe since (1999) et al. 2 Corynespora cylindric cylindric smooth or verrucose or smooth to broad clavate broad to to cylindricto cylindricto or clavate or Obclavate Obclavate, rostrate Obclavate, Obclavate-elongate Obclavate Obclavato-cylindric Obclavato-cylindric Obclavato-cylindric obclavato- to Obclavate rarely Obclavate, Obclavato-cylindric obclavate Narrow Obclavate, ellipsoid, ellipsoid, Obclavate, cylindric to Obclavate cylindric to Obclavate Obclavate Obclavate doliiform Ellipsoid, rostrate Obclavate, Obclavate rostrate; Obclavate, ellipsoid to Obclavate Obclavate Morphology catenate solitary catenate catenate catenate catenate catenate Solitary Solitary or Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary Mostly Solitary Solitary Solitary or Solitary or Solitary or Solitary or Solitary or Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary Production 1 1. Major morphological features of of features morphological 1. Major albiziicola aquatica asclepiadacearum barleriicola beilschmiediae bombacearum catenulata colebrookiana cucurbiticola curvispora donacis erythropsidis fici-altissimae fici-benjaminae flagellata gorakhpurensis acalyphae azadirachtiana caroytae cassiae euryae Species Table New ‘phragmospores’ on Ripogonum (New Zealand) ... 185 , China , China , China , China , China , China , Kenya , India , Singapore , New , New , China , India (lichen), USA (lichen), , Nepal , India , India , India , China , India , India , China , China , Indonesia Zealand Piper Gymnocladus Dead wood, Indonesia Holoptelea Jasminum Sericostachys Pertusaria Lasianthus Leucaena Litsea Merrilliopanax Michelia Morinda Myrioneuron Lantana Parapyrenaria Gynotroches Sesamum Phyllostachys Premna Rhapis Rhododendron Ripogonum Hemidesmus Up to 17 to Up 10–22 2–6 14–19 0–17 2–18 8–15 (0–)1–2 (–3) 4–8 1–28 14–34 12–25 12–28 6–15 3–4 4–14 5–9 1–2 3–28 6–10 1–19 12–16 19–36 7–15 10–21 8.5–10 9–18.5 9–11 10–12 17–21 15–19 7.5–11 7–8 5–7 3.6–19.5 16–25 16–28 10–19 15–26.5 11–14 3.2–6 10–15 6–8 10–13.5 × × × × × × × × 7–10.5 6.5–8 4.5–7.5 8–10 × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × 92–138 15–40 158–198 23–234 39.5–176 60–125 64–164 17.5–24 50–103.5 16–298 105–235 130–260 333–360 44–127 30–46 49.5–110 70–100 13–15 16–163 30–50 52–265 90–130 180–400 60–160 brown brown olivaceous brown Mid olivaceous Mid Brown to dark brown dark to Brown olivaceous Pale pale to brown subhyaline brown dark to brown Pale yellow Pale olivaceous to brown Pale brown to coloured Straw brown to Subyhaline olivaceous Pale brown to brown Pale pale to Subhyaline brown to brown Pale Brown Brown brown olivaceous to Pale Brown Pale olivaceous brown olivaceous Pale Red-brown Subhyaline to pale to yellow Subhyaline olivaceous to brown Pale Mid olivaceous Mid olivaceous Pale Olivaceous cylindric +/- rostrate rostrate ellipsoid at apex at obclavato-cylindric rostrate long to cylindricto acicular slightly to Broadly ellipsoid Broadly Obclavato-cylindric Obclavato-cylindric to Obclavato-cylindric Obclavato-cylindric to Obclavate Obclavate hamatate Obclavate, Obclavate obpyriform, to Obclavate sometimes Obclavate, or obovoid Obclavate, Obclavate rostrate Obclavate, rostrate Obclavate, Obclavate Obclavate Obclavate Obclavate Ovoid Obclavate rostrate Obclavate, to Obclavate Obclavate Cylindric to obclavate to Cylindric catenate catenate catenate catenate Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary or Solitary Solitary Solitary or Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary or Solitary Solitary or Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary gymnocladi hamata holopoteleae jasminicola kenyensis keskaliicola lasianthi leucaenae litseae merrilliopanacis micheliae morindae-tinctoriae myrioneuronis nana parapyrenariae parvispora pedaliacearum phylloshureae premnigena rhapidis-humilis rhododendri ripogoni laevistipitata gracilis 186 ... McKenzie , India , India , India , China , China , Nepal , India , India , India , India , China , China , China , India , India , Brazil , China Ziziphus substratum Host/ Eriobotrya Saccharum Schleichera Scolopia Acacia Solanum Lippia Phyllanthus Tanacetum Tectona Toona Trema Triumfetta Trema Cayratia Septation Up to 15 to Up 1–18 10–14 1–12 8–11 8–12 1–17 0–3(–6) 2–11 7–12 12–18 4–14 1–12 3–14 2–16 1–14 5–13 10–17.5 × 9.18.5 8–10 × 10–12 11–16 3.8–8.5 8–9 10–13 12–16 7–9 10–15 3.5–10 7–17.5 10–27 × × × × 11–13.5 × × × × × × × × × m) × µ 26.5–269 80–120 22.5–66 90–150 40–70 80.6–276 18–60(–90) 22.5–142.5 60–104 110–160 65–144 104–296 29–170 15–106 34–170 33–215 Size ( Size , which are stromatic. stromatic. are , which caroytae C. and and Conidia olivaceous brown brown brown brown olivaceous coloured Pale olivaceous Pale Colour Subhyaline to pale to Subhyaline olivaceous to brown Pale Pale brown to olivaceous olivaceous to brown Pale olivaceous Pale brown to brown Pale olivaceous to brown Pale yellow Olivaceous brown Pale olivaceous Pale olivaceous to brown Pale brown dark to brown Pale olivaceous Pale pale to Subhyaline straw to olivaceous Mid Pale olivaceous Pale asclepiadacearum C. 2 to obovoid to obclavato-cylindric or verruculoseor verrucose smooth or subcylindrical verrucose smooth or cylindric, clavate or or obclavate or Obclavate to to Obclavate Obclavate cylindric to Obclavate cylindric Obclavate, Obclavate, rostrate; rostrate; Obclavate, Obclavate Obclavate ellipsoid, Broadly Obclavate smooth Obclavate; rostrate; Obclavate, rostrate Obclavate, ellipsoid to Obclavate Obclavate-cylindric Obclavate Obclavato-cylindric, Morphology catenate catenate catenate catenate Solitary or Solitary Solitary or Solitary Solitary Solitary or Catenate Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary Solitary or Solitary Production 1 , concluded. 1 rosacearum sacchari schleichericola scolopiae sed-acaciae solani subcylindrica supkharii tanaceti tectonae toonae tremicola trichoides ulmacearum viticola ziziphae Species All conidiophores are mononematous and non-stromatic, except for for except non-stromatic, and mononematous are All conidiophores indicated. where except smooth, are All conidia Table 1 2 New ‘phragmospores’ on Ripogonum (New Zealand) ... 187 Taxonomy Corynespora The genus Corynespora Güssow is characterised by distoseptate phragmoconidia that are produced through an apical pore in the terminal conidiogenous cell. The conidiogenous cell may proliferate one or more times. The conidia are usually produced singly, but in some species short chains of conidia may form. Siboe et al. (1999) provided a synoptic table of the main morphological features that distinguish 50 accepted species of Corynespora.