ODISHA AT A GLANCE Sl. Item Unit Magnitude No. 1. Longitude & Latitude Longitude Degree 81o 27‟ E to 87o 29‟ E Latitude Degree 17o 49‟ N to 22o 34‟ N 2. Administrative Setup a) Districts No. 30 b) Subdivisions No. 58 c) Tehsils No. 317 d) CD Blocks No. 314 e) Urban Local Bodies No. 107 f) Gram Panchayats No. 6,236 g) Villages(Inhabited) No. 47,529 h) Villages(Un-inhabited) No. 3,820 i) Total Villages No. 51,349 3. Area Sq.Km. 1,55,707 4. Population(2011 Census) a) Male Nos. 2,12,12,136 b) Female Nos. 2,07,62,082 c) Total Population Nos. 4,19,74,218 d) Literacy(Total) %ge 73.45 e) Literacy(Male) %ge 82.40 f) Literacy(Female) %ge 64.36 g) Rural Population Nos. 3,49,70,562 h) Percentage of Rural Population to Total %ge 83.31 Population i) Urban Population Nos. 70,03,656 j) Percentage of Urban Population to Total %ge 16.69 Population k) Density of Population Nos. 270 5. State Income a) Gross State Domestic Product at Rs. In Lakh 2,58,74,409 Current Prices 2012-13(A) b) Net State Domestic Product at Current Rs. In Lakh 2,11,74,328 Prices 2012-13(A) c) Per Capita NSDP at Current Prices Rs. In Lakh 49,489 2012-13(A) 6. Agriculture: Area under Principal Crops(2012-13) a) Rice In „000 Hectre 4,022.83 b) Total Cereals In „000 Hectre 4,518.81 c) Total Pulses In „000 Hectre 2,041.94 d) Total Food Grains In „000 Hectre 6,560.75 e) Total Oil Seeds In „000 Hectre 750.55 f) Total Fibres(Kharif) In „000 Hectre 148.23 g) Total Vegetables In „000 Hectre 688.15 h) Total Condiments and Spices In „000 Hectre 155.97 i) Sugarcane In „000 Hectre 39.17 j) Tobaco(Rabi) In „000 Hectre 2.03 k) Total Cropped Area In „000 Hectre 8,344.85 Agriculture: Production of Principal Crops(2012-13) a) Rice In „000 M.T 9,496.82 b) Total Cereals In „000 M.T 10,362.03 c) Total Pulses In „000 M.T 1,036.77 d) Total Food Grains In „000 M.T 11,398.80 e) Total Oil Seeds In „000 M.T 689.87 f) Total Fibres(Kharif) In „000 M.T 541.28 g) Total Vegetables In „000 M.T 9,463.99 h) Total Condiments and Spices In „000 M.T 493.77 i) Sugarcane In „000 M.T 2,604.74 j) Tobaco(Rabi) In „000 M.T 1.15 7. Rainfall in the State a) Normal Rainfall in the State In M.M 1,451.2 b) Actual average rainfall in the In M.M 1,382.5 State(2012) 8. Per Capita Monthly Consumer Rupees(Rural) 715.54 Expenditure 66th Round of NSS Rupees(Urban) 1,468.84 Rural Food Rupees 404.22 Non Food Rupees 311.37 Urban Food Rupees 607.96 Non-Food Rupees 860.88 9. Forest Area Sq.Kms. 58,136 10. Forest Area to total area % 37.34 11. Gross Cropped Area (2O11-12) In '000' hect. 8,799 12. Net irrigation potential created in the In '000' hect. 4,592.54 state 2011-2012(p) 13. Total fish production during 2011-12 In „000 MT 381.83 14. Total Livestock Population ,2007 census Lakh nos. 230.57 15.a) Total Production of Minerals 2011-12 1,852 (Quantity) In Lakh Tonne b) Total Production of Minerals 2011-12 In Crores of Rs. 30,204 (Value) 16.a) Installed Capacity of power during 2011 MW 19,029.250 –2012 including captive power plant and central sector b) Availability of Power from different MW 2,599 sources(2011-2012) 17. Length of Railway Routes 2012-13 Kms. 2417.19 18. Total Road length 2011-12 Kms. 2,50,328.189 19. Total no. of Registered Factories during Nos. 3,396 2010-2011 (P) 20. Total Employment in Registered Nos. 2,82,860 factories during 2010-2011(p) 21. No. of Regd. MSE units in the State by Nos. 50,170 end 2013 Investment Rs. in lakhs 2,53,459.5 Employment Nos. 4,27,909 22. No. of MSME units gone into production Nos. 1,23,292 by end 2013 23. No. of Medium & Large Scale Industries Nos. 246 gone in to production by end 2013 Investment Rs. in Lakhs 92,37,923.03 Employment Nos. 1,17,601 24. Banking a) Total No, of Branches Nos. 4,281 b) Rural Branches Nos. 2,335 c) Semi-Urban area Branches Nos. 1,143 d) Urban area Branches Nos. 803 25. Education a) Primary School(2012-13) Nos. 55,981 b) Upper Primary School(2012-13) Nos. 24,248 c) Secondary School(2011-12) Nos. 8,945 26. Health Facilities(2012-13) a) Medical College/Dist. Hqr. Hospital Nos. 35 b) Sub Divisional Hospital Nos. 105 c) CHC Nos. 378 d) PHC(New) Nos. 1,227 e) MHU Nos. 199 f) Beds in Hospital Nos. 16,537 g) Ayurvedic Hospitals Nos. 624 h) Homoeopathic Hospitals Nos. 565 27. No. of Post Offices in the Nos. 8,165 State(31.03.13) 28. No. of Villages Electrified(31.03.13) Nos. 41,836 29. No. of Industrial Estate/Area Nos. 105 30. No. of Industrial Growth Centre Nos. 04 CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION Area and Topography: Odisha is located between the parallels of 17.49N and 22.34N latitudes and meridians of 81.27E and 87.29E longitudes. It is surrounded by the Indian states of West Bengal to the north-east and in the east, Jharkhand to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west and north-west and Andhra Pradesh to the south. It has a coast line of about 450 kms. It extends over an area of 155,707 square kms. Accounting about 4.87 of the total area of India, according to the 2011 census, it has a total population of 4,19,74,218 out of which 2,12,12,136 are male and 2,07,62,082 are female. On the basis of homogeneity, continuity and physiographical characterstics, Odisha has been divided into five major morphological regions: the Odisha Coastal Plain in the east, the Middle Mountainous and Highlands Region, the Central plateaus, the western rolling uplands and the major flood plains. The Odisha Coastal Plains: The Odisha Coastal Plains are the depositional landforms of recent origin and geologically belong to the Post-Tertiary Period. The 75 metre contourline delimits their western boundary and differentiates them from the Middle Mountainous Region. This region stretches from the West Bengal border, i.e. from the River Subarnarekha in the north to the River Rushikulya in the south.This region is the combination of several deltas of varied sizes and shapes formed by the major rivers of Odisha, such as the Subarnarekha, the Budhabalanga, the Baitarani, the Brahmani, the Mahanadi, and the Rushikulya. Therefore, the coastal plain of Odisha is called the "Hexadeltaic region" or the "Gift of Six Rivers". It stretches along the coast of the Bay of Bengal having the maximum width in the Middle Coastal Plain (the Mahanadi Delta), narrow in the Northern Coastal Plain (Balasore Plain) and narrowest in the Southern Coastal Plain (Ganjam Plain). The North Coastal Plain comprises the deltas of the Subarnarekha and the Budhabalanga rivers and bears evidences of marine transgressions. The Middle Coastal Plain comprises the compound deltas of the Baitarani, Brahmani and Mahanadi rivers and bears evidences of past back bays and present lakes. The South Coastal Plain comprises the laccustrine Plain of Chilika Lake and the smaller delta of the Rushikulya River. The middle mountainous and highlands region: The region covers about three-fourth of the entire State. Geologically it is a part of the Indian Peninsula which as a part of the ancient landmass of the Gondwanaland. The major rivers of Odisha with their tributaries have cut deep and narrow valleys. This region mostly comprises the hills and mountains of the Eastern Ghats which rise abruptly and steeply in the east and slope gently to a dissected plateau in the west running from north- east (Mayurbhanj) to north-west (Malkangiri). This region is well marked by a number of interfluves or watersheds The Central Plateau: The plateaus are mostly eroded plateaus forming the western slopes of the Eastern Ghats with elevation varying from 305-610 metres. There are two broad plateaus in Odisha: (i) the Panposh - Keonjhar -Pallahara plateau comprises the Upper Baitarani catchment basin, and (ii) the Nabrangpur - Jeypore plateau comprises the Sabari basin. The western rolling uplands: These are lower in elevation than the plateaus having heights varying from 153 metres to 305 metres. Soil: The soil of Odisha may be classified as transported and residual soil on the basis of its mode of formation. It can be broadly classified into the following eight groups: A. Red Soils (Alfisols) B. Laterite Soils (Ultisols and Oxisols) C. Black Soils (Vertisols) D. Mixed Red and Black Soils (Association of Ultisols and Vertisols) E. Red and Yellow Soils (Ultisols) F. Brown Forest Soils (Humults) G. Alluvial Soil (Entisoils) H. Coastal Saline and Sandy Soils (Haplaquents, Ustipsamunts) Besides above, acolian shifting sand dunes are also found in the coastal tract. High soil temperatures and shifting nature of dunes by wind erosion, is the problem of these dunes plantation of caesarian and cashew has been found to be the best for stabilization of sand dunes. Climate: Odisha has an almost moderate climate which is neither too cold nor too hot.