Water Quality Monitoring in the Kayaderosseras Creek Watershed: Summer 2007 Revised 2008/2009 by: Alicea Cock-Esteb, ‘09 Alexandra Furman, ‘09 Lukiana Anka-Lufford, ‘10 Kim Marsella, Environmental Studies Program Judith Halstead*, Chemistry Department * Corresponding Author: Judith Ann Halstead, Professor of Chemistry, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866 i i ii ii Table of Contents Page Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction Lake Lonely Study ..................................................................................................................... 2 Confluence Study ....................................................................................................................... 2 Tributary Study .......................................................................................................................... 2 Field Chemistry ......................................................................................................................... 3 Nutrients .................................................................................................................................... 3 Flow ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Nutrient Loading ........................................................................................................................ 5 Experimental Methods Lake Lonely Study On the Lake ................................................................................................................... 5 Inlets to Lake Lonely .................................................................................................... 6 Treatment of Samples in Lab ........................................................................................ 6 Comparison Lakes ......................................................................................................... 7 Lake Lonely Confluence Study ................................................................................................. 7 Tributary Study .......................................................................................................................... 9 Results and Discussion Lake Lonely Study Field Chemistry Measurements ..................................................................................... 9 Field Chemistry Measurements: Comparison Lakes .................................................. 11 Field Chemistry Measurements: Lake Lonely Inlets .................................................. 15 Nutrient and TSS Measurements ................................................................................. 15 Flow Measurements .................................................................................................... 19 Nutrient Loading ......................................................................................................... 20 Confluence Study Field Chemistry Measurements ................................................................................... 20 Nutrient Measurements ............................................................................................... 21 Comparison with Past Data ......................................................................................... 22 Flow Measurements .................................................................................................... 23 Tributary Study Field Chemistry Measurements ................................................................................... 24 Nutrient Measurements ............................................................................................... 24 Flow Measurements .................................................................................................... 27 Nutrient Loading ......................................................................................................... 28 Conclusions Lake Lonely Study ................................................................................................................... 30 Confluence Study ..................................................................................................................... 30 Tributary Study ........................................................................................................................ 30 References ............................................................................................................................................ 31 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................32 iii Appendix A. Lake Lonely Study 1: GPS Coordinates ..................................................................................................... 34 2: On-Site Chemistry Lake Lonely (6/7/07) ............................................................... 34 3: On-Site Chemistry Lake Lonely (6/27/07) ............................................................. 34 4: On-Site Chemistry Lake Lonely (7/12/07) ............................................................. 35 5: On-Site Chemistry Lake Lonely (8/7/07) ............................................................... 35 6: Lake Lonely Nutrients (6/7/07) ............................................................................... 36 7: Lake Lonely Nutrients (6/27/07) ............................................................................. 36 8: On-Site Chemistry Lake Desolation ....................................................................... 36 9: On-Site Chemistry Moreau Lake ............................................................................ 37 10: Bog Meadow, Spring Run Nutrients (6/12/07) ..................................................... 37 11: TSS Data (6/7/07) ................................................................................................. 38 12: TSS Data (7/12/07) ............................................................................................... 39 13: Summary of Total Nitrogen (TN) data for Summer 2007 Lakes .................... 40 14: Summary of Total Phosphorous (TP) data for Summer 2007 Lakes ............... 41 B. Confluence Study 1: Salt Tracer 1 ............................................................................................................ 42 2: Salt Tracer 2 ............................................................................................................ 43 3: Discharge LLO_02 .................................................................................................. 43 C. Tributary Study 1: GPS Coordinates ..................................................................................................... 44 2: Driving Directions to Sites ...................................................................................... 44 3: On-Site Chemistry 1 (6/19/07, 7/3/07, 7/18/07) ..................................................... 46 4: On-Site Chemistry 2 (6/19/07, 7/3/07, 7/18/07) ..................................................... 46 5: Total Discharge: Summer 2007 .............................................................................. 47 6: Total Discharge Spring Run, Bog Meadow: Summer 2007 ................................... 48 7: Spring Run Discharge Calculations ........................................................................ 49 8: Bog Meadow Brook Discharge Calculations .......................................................... 54 9: Upper Kayaderosseras Discharge Calculations ...................................................... 57 10: Clover Mill-Upstream Discharge Calculations ..................................................... 59 11: Clover Mill-Downstream Discharge Calculations ................................................ 60 12: Glowegee Creek Discharge Calculations .............................................................. 62 13: Mourning Kill Discharge Calculations ................................................................. 63 14: Main Kayaderosseras-R Discharge Calculations .................................................. 65 15: Geyser Brook Discharge Calculations .................................................................. 66 16: Average Tributary Discharge ................................................................................ 68 17: Tributary Nutrient Loading ................................................................................... 69 18: Examples of Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus Nutrient Loading Calculations for Spring Run and Bog Meadow Brook on Several Dates..70 19: Summary of Total Nitrogen (TN) data for Summer 2007 Tributaries ........... 71 20: Summary of Total Phosphorous (TP) data for Summer 2007 Tributaries ..... 72 D. Optical Brighteners Pilot Study 1: Optical Brighteners Pilot Report ............................................................................. 72 2: Directions for the Spectrofluorimeter ..................................................................... 79 3: Spectra of Natural Water Bodies ............................................................................. 80 iv Abstract Water quality parameters were determined for one lake and various tributaries throughout the Kayaderosseras Creek Watershed in Saratoga County, NY. Discharge measurements (cubic feet per second) were also determined at eleven sites. Field measurements