Pentecostal Imagination and the Retrieval of Identity: Toward a Pneumatology of History by Paul S. Baker BTh (Hons), BTh, Dip. Min. A thesis submitted to Charles Sturt University in complete fulfilment of the degree Doctor of Philosophy Charles Sturt University School of Theology St. Mark’s National Theological Centre Canberra April 2021 Table of Contents Certificate of Authorship ................................................................................................... 5 Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 6 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1: Pentecostalism ............................................................................................... 16 A History of Pentecostalism ................................................................................... 16 The Azusa Street Revival............................................................................. 17 Pentecostalism in the Twentieth Century .................................................... 18 Three ‘Waves’ .............................................................................................. 20 Historical Roots ........................................................................................... 23 Pentecostal History .................................................................................................. 25 Pentecostal Historical Self-Understanding .................................................. 25 Pentecostalism and Church History ............................................................. 29 The Historical Problematic .......................................................................... 34 A Methodological Excursus .................................................................................... 35 A Question of Identity ................................................................................. 36 Pentecostalism and the Reformation ............................................................ 38 Martin Luther’s Pneumatology .................................................................... 40 Contemporary Pentecostalism ..................................................................... 42 The Pentecostal Spirit? ................................................................................ 45 Pentecostal Scholarship ........................................................................................... 47 Yong’s Pentecostal Paradigm ...................................................................... 49 The Philosophical Foundations of Yong’s Schema ..................................... 51 Foundational Pneumatology ........................................................................ 52 The Pneumatological Imagination ............................................................... 53 A Functional Analysis of the Pneumatological Imagination ....................... 54 The Broader Application.............................................................................. 57 1 Summary .................................................................................................................. 59 Chapter 2: Yong’s Philosophical Theology .................................................................... 62 Donald Gelpi and the North American Tradition .................................................... 62 Charles Sanders Peirce ................................................................................. 65 Kant’s Influence ........................................................................................... 66 The Turn to Community .............................................................................. 68 Yong’s Metaphysic .................................................................................................. 70 A Trinitarian Framework ............................................................................. 71 A Trinitarian Metaphysics ........................................................................... 75 Ontology and Epistemology .................................................................................... 76 The Two Hands of the Father ...................................................................... 77 The Psychological Model ............................................................................ 78 A Trinitarian Synthesis ................................................................................ 79 Ontology and Metaphysics ...................................................................................... 81 Yong’s Pneumatological Trinitarianism ...................................................... 81 Process Metaphysics .................................................................................... 83 Phenomenological Trinitarianism ............................................................................ 84 Yong’s Non-Foundational Foundationalism................................................ 86 The Pneumatological Correlation ................................................................ 87 A Social Pneumatology................................................................................ 89 Pneumatology and Epistemology ............................................................................ 90 The Pneumatological Imagination ............................................................... 91 The Interpretation of Reality ........................................................................ 92 The Construction of Reality ......................................................................... 94 Pneumatology and Metaphysics .............................................................................. 96 Peircean Pragmatism .................................................................................... 98 A Phenomenological Turn ........................................................................... 99 Summary ................................................................................................................ 101 Chapter 3: Experience and Interpretation ................................................................... 104 Experience and History .......................................................................................... 105 A History of ‘Experience’ .......................................................................... 106 2 Experience and Understanding .................................................................. 111 Toward a Phenomenological Response ..................................................... 113 Experience and Foundations ...................................................................... 115 Experience and Time ............................................................................................. 117 History-Consciousness? ............................................................................. 121 Collective Experience ................................................................................ 122 Interpretation .............................................................................................. 126 Paul Ricoeur ........................................................................................................... 129 Memory, History, Forgetting ..................................................................... 131 The Phenomenology of Memory ............................................................... 133 The Epistemology of History ..................................................................... 136 The Hermeneutics of Forgetting ................................................................ 140 Summary ................................................................................................................ 142 Chapter 4: Ricoeur’s Theological Philosophy ............................................................. 145 Ricoeur’s Theological Significance ....................................................................... 146 Language and the Retrieval of Symbol ...................................................... 147 The Ricoeurian Arc(s)................................................................................ 150 The Legacy of Ricoeurian Hermeneutics .................................................. 152 The Imagination in Ricoeur ................................................................................... 156 The Philosophy of the Imagination ............................................................ 158 The Hermeneutic Imagination ................................................................... 160 Yong’s Hermeneutics ............................................................................................ 161 Word as Scripture ...................................................................................... 164 Word as Tradition ...................................................................................... 166 Community: Interpretive Context .............................................................. 168 Spirit, Word, Community .......................................................................... 169 A Ricoeurian Synchrony ........................................................................................ 170 The Imagination and Memory ................................................................... 172 Imagination in Memory and History .........................................................