The Pacification of Radical Dissent: An ^4«/i-Securitv Analysis of the Toronto G20 Joint Intelligence Group By: Nicholas Lamb A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts In Legal Studies Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario Nicholas Lamb ©2012 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du 1+1 Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-93598-9 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-93598-9 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis. cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. Canada Abstract This thesis examines the Toronto G20 security operation as a “pacification project”. By providing an anarchist, “anti-security” analysis of the G20 Joint Intelligence Group (JIG) I argue that this approach holds the promise of understanding security as a productive power that is mobilized to fabricate and reinforce a capitalist social order. I offer evidence that the JIG fulfilled the surveillance function of the G20 pacification project by carrying out a joint forces security (counter) intelligence operation. The JIG consisted of a ‘joint forces operation’ involving an extensive ‘summit intelligence network’ composed of 26 police departments, military and state intelligence units, and over a hundred corporate and government agencies. The JIG also deployed an array of ‘security intelligence’ (SI) and ‘counterintelligence’ (Cl) techniques primarily targeting radical activists. Moreover, I demonstrate that the JIG invoked legislation and employed discourses of criminality to enable and rationalize its SI and Cl on anti-G20 activists. Table of Contents of Thesis Abstract / ii Acronyms / v Prologue: To Catch the Jester / 1 Chapter 1: Introduction / 17 Chapter 2: Anarchist Research: Method / 22 Reflexive mode of analysis / 25 Anarchist Politics / 28 Anarchist Criminology / 32 Chapter 3: Pacification: Theory / 41 Anti-Security / 41 How “intelligent” is control?: A critical review / 44 Protest Policing and Surveillance as a ‘Pacification Project’ / 58 The Conceptual Utility of Pacification / 60 Studying the G20 Intelligence Operation as a Pacification Project / 66 Chapter 4: An Anti-Security Analysis of the JIG’s Network / 75 Establishment, headquarters, and function of JIG / 75 JIG’s Joint Forces Operation / 76 Liaison Management Team / 78 JIG’s Command Structure / 84 Chapter 5: An Anti-Security Analysis of the JlG’s Operation / 87 Security Intelligence / 88 Security Counterintelligence / 91 Primary Intelligence Investigative Team / 92 Analytical Team / 125 Intelligence Information Management Team / 177 Chapter 6: Conclusion and Implications /179 Bibliography /195 ISU-JIG Documents / 204 Appendices / 206 Appendix A - Command Structure Subchart / 207 Appendix B - Liaison Management Team Subchart / 208 Appendix C - Primary Intelligence Investigation Team SubChart / 209 Appendix D - Analytical Team Subchart / 210 Appendix E - Intelligence Information Management Team Subchart / 211 Appendix F - Summit Intelligence Network / 212 Appendix G - Environmental Forecasts / 213 Appendix H - Threat Level Legend / 214 Appendix I - Threat and Risk Level Table / 215 Appendix J - Excerpts from Live Time Situational Board / 216 Acronyms found in Thesis AT Analytical Team AW@L Anti-War at Laurier CBDC Canadian Bomb Data Centre CBRNE Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive CBSA Canada Border Services Agency CCN Collectif du Chat Noir CF Canadian Forces CFNCIUs Canadian Forces National Counter Intelligence Units Cl Counter-Intelligence CICI Critical Infrastructure Criminal Intelligence CILMT Corporate Intelligence Liaison Management Team CISO Criminal Intelligence Service Ontario CLAC la Convergence des Luttes Anti-Capitaliste COT Covert Operations Team CSC Correctional Service Canada CSEC Communications Security Establishment Canada CSIS Canadian Security Intelligence Service CRG Community Relations Group DILMT Domestic Intelligence Liaison Management Team DND Department of National Defence EMU Event Monitoring Unit FBI Federal Bureau of Investigations FMIOA Foreign Missions and International Organizations Act FOB Forward Operating Base IAT Independent Asymmetric Threat IBETs Integrated Border Enforcement Teams IIFs Intake Information Forms IILMT International Intelligence Liaison Management Team IIMT Intelligence Information Management Team IMU Internet Monitoring Unit INSETs Integrated National Security Enforcement Teams IPPs Internationally Protected Persons ISU Integrated Security Unit ITAC Integrated Threat Assessment Center IZ Interdiction Zone JIG Joint Intelligence Group JOC JIG Operation Center LMT Liaison Management Team LRAD Long Range Acoustic Device MCMM Major Case Management Model MOB Main Operating Base MICC Major Incident Command Centre MTCC Metro Toronto Convention Centre NGO Non-Governmental Organization NSCOB National Security Criminal Operations Branch NSESs National Security Enforcement Sections NSIS National Security Investigations Section NSMs Newest Social Movements NSTAS National Security Threat Assessment Section OPP Ontario Provincial Police PGA People’s Global Action PIIT Primary Intelligence Investigation Team POI Persons of Interest POU Public Order Unit PPC Prisoner Processing Centre PRP Peel Regional Police PWPA Public Works Protection Act RAZ Restricted Access Zone RBC Royal Bank of Canada RCMP Royal Canadian Mounted Police SI Security Intelligence SIU Special Investigation Unit SLOs Security Liaison Officers SMO Summit Management Office SOAR Southern Ontario Anarchist Resistance TCMN Toronto Community Mobilization Network TPS Toronto Police Service UCC Unified Command Centre VIPs Very Important Persons WTO World Trade Organization Prologue: To Catch the Jester During a rainy weekend in late June 2010, thousands of protesters converged in the streets of Toronto and engaged in various tactics of resistance against an elite global governance event known as the G20 Summit. By Saturday afternoon the raucous dissidents had taken over the downtown core of the city, disrupting the business-as-usual routines of the weekend shoppers, retail managers and workaholic financiers. Chanting, “Who’s streets? Our streets!” and other defiant slogans, the thick protest crowd swarmed down several main roads, until it was prevented from marching any further into the “security zone” by contingents of shielded and baton wielding tactical troops of the G20 Integrated Security Unit (ISU). Undeterred, the protesters splintered off into numerous clusters, and began to filter through various intersections and avenues surrounding the massive multi-million dollar security fence that was erected around the Metro Toronto Convention Center (MTCC). Instead of the normal consumerist spectacle, the downtown streets outside the fence were filled with extraordinary array of dissident sights and sounds. For instance, many protesters sang solidarity songs and voiced political ideas with one another,1 some confronted the militarized riot squads and teased them about their mechanical and clumsy movements, while others sat or laid their bodies down in front of encroaching police lines, vehicles, and obstacles. There were also musicians, clowns, and cheerleaders performing their rebellious street art alongside activist legal observers (copwatchers), street medics, and alternative media teams within the protest crowd. At one point, a smaller militant portion of protesters separated into numerous 1 I engaged in a short but stimulating philosophical debate with a protester distributing a Marxist-Leninist newspaper. The conversation became stale however when the topic turned to whether it was the Communists or Anarchists that were the more revolutionary force during the Spanish Civil War... 1 affinity groups and carried out the ‘black bloc tactic’2 of snaking past police barricades,