Summary of the National Reports of NATO Member and Partner Nations to the NATO Committee on Gender Perspectives 2015 1520-16 NATO Graphics & Printing TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . 5 Executive Summary . 7. 1 Representation of Men and Women in the Armed Forces in 2015 . 9 2 Applications and Successful Recruitments in 2015 . .13 . 3 Retention Statistics in 2015 . 15 3 .1 . Reserves . 18 3 .2 . Parental, Maternity and Paternity Leave . 20 . 4 Services and Ranks in 2015 . .23 . 5 Integration of Gender Perspectives in 2015 . 27 5 .1 . Gender in Operations in 2015 . 30 6 2014 and 2015 NATO Committee on Gender Perspectives (NCGP) Recommendations to the Military Committee (MC) . 33 . 7 Conclusion . 35 8 2015 National Reports from NATO Member Nations . 37 Albania . .39 . Belgium . 45 . Bulgaria . 49 . Canada . .53 . Croatia . 61. Czech Republic . .67 . Denmark . 73 Estonia . 79. France . 83 Germany . 87 Greece . 93. Hungary . 97. Iceland . 101 . 2015 NATO Summary of the National Reports 3 Italy . 103 Latvia . 111. Lithuania . 115 Luxembourg . 119 Netherlands . .123 . Norway . 129 Poland . 135 Portugal . 139 Romania . .145 . Slovakia . 155. Slovenia . 159. Spain . 163 Turkey . 167 United Kingdom . 171 . United States . 173 . 9 2015 National Reports from NATO Partner Nations . 179 Australia . .181 . Austria . 187 Finland . 191. Georgia . 195 Ireland . 199 Japan . 203 Montenegro . .207 . Switzerland . 211. Ukraine . 213 Acronyms . .215 . 4 2015 NATO Summary of the National Reports INTRODUCTION The 2015 Summary of the National Reports of NATO member and partner nations to the NATO Committee on Gender Perspectives (NCGP) on the implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 on Women, Peace and Security is the second edition of NATO’s comparative study on the integration of gender perspectives in the armed forces . This extensive review of national statistics and policies demonstrates the strong commitment of NATO, as the largest global coalition on UNSCR 1325, and its member and partner nations to support the implementation of gender perspectives, gender mainstreaming and equal opportunities of men and women . Furthermore, the 2015 Summary provides feedback on the national implementations of the 2014 and 2015 NCGP Recommendations to the Military Committee, validating the importance of the common efforts annually underlined by the NCGP Conference . The purpose of the Summary is not only to provide transparent reporting on the noteworthy improvements made on the gender domain, but also to share best practices on the implementation of UNSCR 1325 principles among NATO member and partner nations together with the community of interest . The diversity of approaches aimed at reaching the common goal demonstrates the primary strength of NATO, as an alliance of politically and culturally diverse nations, relying on different programmes, policies and actions to ultimately ensure collective defence . The outcomes of the 2015 Summary are encouraging, but it remains necessary to build on the achievements to strengthen NATO’s stance as regards gender mainstreaming in the armed forces . For this reason, I thank all the nations who have contributed to this project and hope that this determination will encourage more nations to support the continuous efforts to implement UNSCR 1325 in the armed forces . D J Toriati Air Commodore, GBR AF Executive Coordinator International Military Staff 2015 NATO Summary of the National Reports 5 6 2015 NATO Summary of the National Reports EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The 2015 Summary of the National Reports of NATO member and partner nations (‘Summary’ from here on) to the NATO Committee on Gender Perspectives (NCGP) is a comprehensive compendium of the statistics, policies and programmes related to the implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 on Women, Peace and Security in the armed forces . The origins of this work date back to 1998, when the NCGP began to request annual National Reports from all NATO member nations . In 2015, the Office of the Gender Advisor of the International Military Staff at NATO HQ (IMS GENAD), as the secretariat to the NCGP, began to forward a standardised online questionnaire to all NATO member and partner nations . The result was a conclusive report with an analysis of the implementation and mainstreaming of gender perspectives in the armed forces . The 2015 Summary is the second edition of the report and shows significant progress. The questionnaire has been standardised and the final report allows comparisons to be made with last year’s data while presenting a review of gender policies and programmes which are being adopted by the Nations . The 2015 Summary collects data from all NATO member and partner nations - Australia, Austria, Finland, Georgia, Ireland, Japan, Montenegro, Switzerland and Ukraine . The first part of the 2015 Summary comprises the Executive Summary, which is organized in seven Chapters . These are: Representation of men and women in the armed forces, Applications and successful recruitment, Retention statistics (including Reserves and parental leave), Services and ranks, Integration of gender perspectives (including gender in Operations), 2014 and 2015 NCGP Recommendations to the Military Committee (MC) and Conclusion . The second part of the 2015 Summary introduces the profiles of all NATO member and partner nations separately and offers a detailed overview of national legislation, programmes and policies related to the advancement of the implementation of UNSCR 1325 and related resolutions in the armed forces. NATO member nations are introduced first, followed by NATO partner nations . The 2015 Summary also builds up on the work and analysis conducted in previous years . The Chapters on the representation of men and women in the armed forces, applications and successful recruitment, retention statistics, services and ranks and integration of gender perspectives in the armed forces have been maintained and the deliberate use of the same graphs, with updated statistics, allows for comparison between different years . However, several innovations were introduced. For the first time, the 2015 Summary reviews Reserves’ policies and presents information and data on parental leave to show how NATO nations address maternity and paternity situations. A specific subchapter that focuses on gender in operations has been introduced to illustrate the representation of women and the role of gender advisors in operations . The 2015 Summary also provides information on the way nations have adopted the 2014 and 2015 NCGP Recommendations to the Military Committee (MC), which are the outcomes of the annual NCGP Conference(1) . Ultimately, the 2015 Summary is a practical guide to analyse what NATO nations are doing for gender mainstreaming and how they are integrating gender perspectives in their armed forces . Therefore, all NATO member and partner nations are highly encouraged to continue to submit their reports in the years to come, so that the Summary can become a continuous record that is increasingly effective and useful for all . Whilst there is commonality in much of the data and its presentation, the written narratives can vary quite considerably . As such, the IMS GENAD has purposely chosen not to amend the content . Nations are encouraged to consider what works best for them in subsequent reports . All Nations are responsible for the information they submitted . 1 MC 0249/3 (Final), Committee on Gender Perspectives, 3 Feb 14. http://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2014_01/20160615_1401-tor-ncgp.pdf 2015 NATO Summary of the National Reports 7 8 2015 NATO Summary of the National Reports Representation of Men and Women in the Armed Forces in 2015 1 This chapter presents an analysis of the representation of men and women in the armed forces, all active duty, based on statistical information provided by NATO member and partner nations. The first section provides averages based on the National Reports submitted by NATO member nations . The second section looks at the averages based on the reports from NATO member and partner nations combined . Representation of Men and Women in the Armed Forces of NATO Member Nations As shown in Figure 1, the average of women in the armed forces of NATO member nations was 10 .8% in 2015 . This includes all active duty military personnel . In 2014, the average of women in the armed forces was 10 .3% . Figure 2 shows the average percentage of female military personnel over the course of the last 17 years . The average has increased by 3 .7% since 1999 when women represented 7 .1% of the armed forces of NATO member nations . Figure 1: Average of active duty female and male military personnel in the armed forces of NATO member nations in 2015 10.8% 89.2% Female Male Figure 2: Percentage of women in the armed forces of NATO member nations from 1999 to 2015 10.8% 10.2% 10.2% 10.2% 10.4% 10.5% 10.5% 10.3% 9.6% 9.9% 10% 8.8% 8.7% 8.9% 7.1% 6.8% 6.1% 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2015 NATO Summary of the National Reports 9 Figure 3 details the average of women in the armed forces of each NATO member nation in 2015 . Hungary (20 .2%), Latvia (16 .2%), Slovenia (16 .1%), Greece (15 .5%) and the United States (15.5%) are the five nations with the largest number of women serving in their armed forces . Hungary (from 14 .6% in 2014 to 20 .2% in 2015), Greece (from 11 .1% in 2014 to 15 .5% in 2015), Slovenia (from 13 .9% in 2014 to 16 .1% in 2015), France (from 13 .6% in 2014 to 15 .2% in 2015) and Denmark (from 5 .2% in 2014 to 6 .2% in 2015) had the largest increase as regards the number of women in the armed forces between 2014 and 2015 . Figure 3: Active duty female military personnel in the armed forces of NATO member nations in 2015, by country 20.2% 16.2% 16.1% 15.5% 15.5% 15.2% 15.1% 15.0% 13.8% 13.1% 12.5% 11.0% 10.9% 10.8% 10.7% 10.1%.