UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Reference in action : links between pointing and language Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/52g063b5 Author Cooperrider, Kensy Andrew Publication Date 2011 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Reference in action: Links between pointing and language A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirement for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Cognitive Science by Kensy Andrew Cooperrider Committee in charge: Professor Rafael Núñez, Chair Professor Seana Coulson Professor Karen Emmorey Professor John B. Haviland Professor Edwin Hutchins 2011 © Kensy Andrew Cooperrider, 2011 All rights reserved The Dissertation of Kensy Andrew Cooperrider is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2011 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature page ....................................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents .................................................................................................................. iv List of Figures ........................................................................................................................ vii Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................. ix Vita ........................................................................................................................................... xi Abstract of the Dissertation ................................................................................................ xii Chapter 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1. A pointing scene ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2. How gesture and speech relate: From co-expressivity to co-patterning ............ 4 1.3. Pointing and language ............................................................................................... 6 1.3.1. Definitions of pointing ......................................................................................... 6 1.3.2. Pointing gestures and pointing words ................................................................. 8 1.3.3. Morphological variety in pointing ....................................................................... 10 1.3.4. Lexical affiliates of pointing gestures .................................................................. 13 1.4. Overview of chapters ................................................................................................. 15 References ........................................................................................................................... 19 Chapter 2. Pointing and the meaning of spoken demonstratives ............................... 22 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 22 2.2. Study #1 ...................................................................................................................... 29 2.2.1. Methods................................................................................................................ 31 2.2.1.1. Participants ................................................................................................ 31 2.2.1.2. Materials .................................................................................................... 32 2.2.1.3. Procedure ................................................................................................... 33 2.2.1.4. Data collection and analysis ...................................................................... 36 2.2.2. Results and discussion ........................................................................................ 37 2.2.2.1. Qualitative description of data .................................................................. 37 2.2.2.2. Quantitative results .................................................................................... 42 2.3. Study #2 ...................................................................................................................... 47 2.3.1. Methods ............................................................................................................... 49 2.3.1.1. Participants ................................................................................................ 49 2.3.1.2. Materials .................................................................................................... 49 2.3.1.3. Procedure ................................................................................................... 49 2.3.1.4. Data collection and analysis ...................................................................... 49 2.3.2. Results and discussion ......................................................................................... 50 2.3.2.1. Qualitative description of data ................................................................... 50 iv 2.3.2.2. Quantitative results ..................................................................................... 51 2.4. Discussion: Demonstrability, deictic force, and demonstrative meaning .......... 55 References ........................................................................................................................... 62 Chapter 3. Body-directed gestures ..................................................................................... 65 3.1. Body-directed gestures .............................................................................................. 65 3.2. Data and analysis ........................................................................................................ 73 3.3. Self-points ................................................................................................................... 76 3.4. Body-points ................................................................................................................. 91 3.5. Body-anchors .............................................................................................................. 95 3.6. Discussion ................................................................................................................... 100 3.6.1. Form and function of indexical gestures ............................................................. 100 3.6.2. Conceptual processes in body-directed gestures ................................................. 105 3.6.3. Body-directed signs .............................................................................................. 111 3.7. Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 114 References .......................................................................................................................... 115 Chapter 4. Nose-pointing in Yupno ................................................................................... 120 4.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 120 4.2. The Yupno ................................................................................................................... 123 4.3. Data and analysis ........................................................................................................ 124 4.4. The nose-pointing form ............................................................................................. 125 4.4.1. Basic morphology and dynamics ......................................................................... 125 4.4.2. Robustness ........................................................................................................... 126 4.4.3. Coordination with other articulators .................................................................. 127 4.5. Examples of use ......................................................................................................... 128 4.5.1. Examples of form used deictically ....................................................................... 128 4.5.1.1. Example 1 ................................................................................................. 128 4.5.1.2. Example 2 ................................................................................................. 129 4.5.1.3. Example 3 ................................................................................................. 132 4.5.1.4. Example 4 ................................................................................................. 133 4.5.2. Examples of form used non-deictically ................................................................ 134 4.5.2.1. Example 5 ................................................................................................. 135 4.5.2.2. Example 6 ................................................................................................. 136 4.5.2.3. Example 7 ................................................................................................. 137 4.5.2.4. Example 8 ................................................................................................. 138 4.6. A proposed