Technical Report Pocumtotim Pago 1. Rmrr He I. krrmmt Acce#r~mMe. (<izi19 ----- -- J. Ropott Oete DRUGS AND DRIVING: January 1978 A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 6. Pr~orn~ng~~gan~gotion code ----- . 8. Pmrfomrng Organctat~onUrnport NO. Alan C. Donelson UM-HSRI-78-3 10 Woh Un~tNo (TRAIS) I I. Conttect or Grant No. DOT-HS-7-01530 13. Type of Repoft and Petlod Covmrd ---------- '1 dministration , July 1975 - November 1976 14. Sponsoring Agency Codr This report presents a first supplement to Drugs and Driving: A Selected Bibliography (HS - 802 188), a bibliography of literature dealing with the relationship between drug use (other than alcohol alone) and highway safety. This supplement both updates the parent volume and expands coverage in certafn research areas related to the field of drugs and highway safety. In particular, 1i terature pertaining to drug usage patterns and drug analytical methodology has been included. A detailed description of the 1i terature scope and document selection process is provided. I I The bi bliography consists of four appendices, including a Topical Index, an Author Index, a Title Index, and Abstracts of nearly 400 i articles. A revised topical index was developed to improve user access to document abstracts. Within the topical index are cross-referenced lists of drugs by name and by usage. - ----&* 17. KO? Words 18. Dimhhtion Stotrmmnt Drugs, Drug Impaired Driving, Drug Avai labil ity is unlimited. Document Effect\, Drug Analytical Method01 ogy, may be re1eased to PIational Technical Drug Concentration-Effect Relation- 1 Information Service, Springfield, VA ships, Countermeasures 22161 for sale to public. bnclassified I Uncl ass if i ed 279 ,----. F- my F 11m.7 i~.-72) R.pra&stim of arplotd poge whrizod a U, 5. (,OVERNWLNf PRlNfMC OFFICF lQ7Y 725-504/318 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared by Alan C. Donelson, who also supervised the literature search, document col lection, review, abstracting and indexing described in this volume. The basic design he followed was developed by Kent B. Joscelyn and Roger P. Maickel. Mr. Joscelyn quided the ~tudyeffort, reviewed the preparation of the report, and technically edited this volume. The mu1 tidiscipl inary projects that supported this bibliographic effort involved many individuals. The principal investigators thank a1 1 who assisted. Spec!:] recognition must be given to: led Frlderson and Narvin Levy of the National Highway Traffic 'afet.; Adn~inistrdtion,who served as Contract Technical Managers for the ccln:racts that supported the report production, Mr. Andcrson was CTM for DOT-HS-5-01217, "The State of Knowledge and Information Needs in Alcohol /Drugs and Highway Safety." Dr. l evy was CTM for DOT-HS-7-01530, "Drug Research Method01 ogy . " Both actively participated in the design of the study efforts anu provj:!'\ii n1An.v ionstructi ve suggestions. Ariil r. Grin:nl find Kathleen Weber, librarians of the HSRI Infor- r~ati011 Center, wtn supported the l iterature search and document ~ollectionactivity. Barbara C. Richardson of the HSRI Public kar:tcrhs frivis illr) ~lsoassisted in this task during early phases (4 i ,t? projecti. Bonn ie ?I~P-P, who organized and coordinated the production of this reporr and the support for the projects. Patricia Whichello and Jacqueline Royal, who provided typing assistance. Martha A1 1ison, who col lated and filed documents and abstracts. Kathleen Jail wt and Peth Nordin, who provided the graphic art support ncce-,;ary f :?r report production. Kent Bv Joscclyn, 3. D. Alan C. Donelson, Ph.D. Principal Investigator Principal Investigator DRUGS AND DRIVING: A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY SUPPLEMENT ONE CONTENTS 1 . 0 INTRODUCTION ................... 1 1.1 Background .................. 2 1.2 Report Organization ............. 5 2.0 TECHNICAL APPROACH ................ 7 2.1 literature Search Scope and Document Selection 8 2.2 Literature Search Methods .......... 15 2.3 Limitations on Literature Search and Document Selection Procedures ........ 17 2.4 Summary of Bibliographic Contents ...... 20 3.0 USE OF SUPPLEMENT ONE ............... 22 3.1 Summary of Bibl iography Contents ....... 22 3.2 Topical Index (Appendix A) .......... 24 3.3 Title Index (Appendix B) ........... 25 3.4 Author Index (Appendix C) .......... 25 3.5 Abstract Index (Appendix D) ......... 26 APPENDIX A.. TOP1 CAL INDEX Usage Guide ................. A-1 Index .................... A-18 APPENDIX 9.. TITLE INDEX APPENDIX C.. AUTHOR INDEX APPEND1 X @----ABSTRACTINDEX 1.0 INTRODUCTION This report presents a first supplement to Drugs and Driving: A Selected Bib1iographx (HS-802 188), a bibliography of 1i terature dealing with the relationship between drug use (other than alcohol alone) and highway safety. The bibliographic supplement is the product of an extended 1 iterature search conducted under the sponsorship of the U. S. Depart- ment of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, .. as part of efforts under contracts DOT-HS-5-01217 and DOT-HS-7-01530. This supplement both updates the parent volume and expands cover- age in certain research areas related to the field of drugs and highway safety. In particular, 1i terature pertaining to drug usage patterns and drug analytical methodology has been included. The general cri- terion for the inclusion of a document was apparent relevance to drugs1 highway safety and to contract objectives. For example, increased concern over methodological issues is reflected in this compilation. A key phrase in current drugldriving research is problem defiri- -tion. The issue of drugs and driving continues as a worthy research topic; the existence of a I1drug/driving problem," however, remains a presumption. Of course, the presumption is necessary as a research hypothesis. But the reader is cautioned not to presume the actual existence of a drugs-and-driving problem. The true problem now is determining whether there -is a problem and, if there is, identifying its nature and extent. The report is intended as a resource document. Its purpose is to aid current efforts in determining the relationship of drugs and highway safety, The primary objective is -not analysis of research, but rather presentation of literature. The contents of the report are representative, but not inclusive, of the available literature. No representation of scientific validity of all the materials included is made. 1.1 Background The University of Michigan Highway Safety Research Institute (HSRI) received two contracts dealing with the area of drugs and driving from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) . The contracts were two of a series that forms a comprehensive program for the examina- tion of this issue. The following paragraphs present the context and rationale for this research. Specifically, they describe contract objectives and the relation of the literature search to them. A contract received by Indiana University (IU) from NHTSA in June 1974 preceded the projects that supported the present document. Con- tract DOT-HS-4-00994, entitled I1Drug/Driving Research Review and Symposium," reviewed the relationship between the use and abuse of drugs (other than alcohol alone) and highway safety. The principal investigators for this project were Kent B. Joscelyn and Roger P. Maickel. The study developed the basis from which the later contracts received by HSRI derived. The central objectives of the study may be summarized as follows: 8 Ascertain and document on the basis of existing research 1i terature the relationship between drug use (other than a1 coho1 alone) and highway safety. 8 Ascertain the "state of the art" of research in the field of drugs and highway safety. Q Define areas in drugs and highway safety that require further research and suggest, insofar as present knowledge permits, possible drugldri ving countermeasures that can be implemented in the immediate future. The research plan to achieve these objectives contained several elements. A 1 iterature search identified pub1 ished 1i terature to be included in the study. An international symposium provided a forum to determine the state of the art in current knowledge and to develop directions for future research. Filial ly , a research review col lated and synthe- sized the information obtained in the 1i terature search and symposium. The project produced a serjes of reports: 9 Report of an International Symposium on Drugs and Driving (DOT HS-802 187) ; 0 DRUGS AND DRIVING: A Selected Bibliography (DOT HS-802 188); and 8 DRUGS AND DRIVING: A Research Review (DOT HS-802 189). In Contract DOT-HS-5-01217, entitled "The State of Knowledge and Information Needs in Alcohol/Drugs and Highway Safety," the examination of drugs and highway safety was part of a larger project involving alochol -related objectives. The general objectives of this project related to drugs (other than alcohol alone) were: a to critically review, evaluate, and summarize existing know1 edge concerning the drug/crash problem; and 0 to recommend further research on the drug/crash problem that is a priority need and is 1i kely to produce the most sig- nificant results. In pursuing these objectives, the role of drugs in highway crashes was examined from the following topical standpoints: a problem definition a measurement of agent effects 0 measurement of agent presence B relationship between agent presence and impairment 0 countermeasures The critical review of existing information in these areas led to the summarization of current knowledge and recommendations for future directions in research. As part of the literature examination and review process, a 1 iterature search was performed. The document identification and collection activity was broad-based to (1) supplement the existing information base and (2) satisfy 1 iterature requirements in hitherto unsearched areas. The second contract, DOT-HS-7-01530, was received by HSRI in November 1976. The general objectives of this contract, entitled "Drug Research Methodology," were: e to develop a greater understanding of the nature of the drugs-and-dri ving problem on the basis of the existing 1 iterature; and 0 to define directions for future research with greater pre- cision than has been done in past NHTSA-sponsored efforts.