Security and Resiliency Guide Counter-Improvised Explosive Device (C-IED) Concepts, Common Goals, and Available Assistance Counter-IED Concepts, Common Goals, and Available Assistance Acknowledgements This guide would not be possible without the contribution of numerous improvised explosive device (IED) and counter-IED (C-IED) subject matter experts, stakeholders, and professional communities. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Office of Infrastructure Protection (IP) and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Critical Incident Response Group (CIRG) wish to acknowledge contributions made by the following organizations: the DHS Office for Bombing Prevention (OBP) and FBI Counter-IED Section (C-IEDS); local, state, tribal, and territorial emergency management stakeholders through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) National Integration Center; Federal department and agency stakeholders through the Joint Program Office for Countering IEDs, especially the Department of Justice (DOJ) Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF), FBI Weapons of Mass Destruction Directorate, FBI Terrorist Explosive Device Analytical Center (TEDAC), DHS Transportation Security Administration (TSA), FEMA, DHS Office of Health Affairs (OHA), DHS Office of Intelligence & Analysis (I&A), National Figure 1: Seals of programs making up Counterterrorism Center, Department of State Bureau of Counterterrorism the Joint Program Office and Diplomatic Security Service, and Department of Defense (DOD) Joint Property of DHS Improvised-Threat Defeat Organization (JIDO); private sector and government critical infrastructure stakeholders through the Sector Coordinating Councils, Government Coordinating Councils, State, Local, Tribal, and Territorial Government Coordinating Council (SLTTGCC), and Regional Consortium Coordinating Council (RC3); and nationwide law enforcement stakeholders through the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) Arson and Explosives Committee. Companion Website To access the most up-to-date C-IED guidance and assistance resources, visit https://TRIPwire.DHS.gov. The Technical Resource for Incident Prevention (TRIPwire) is DHS’s free, online information-sharing resource on IED incidents, tactics, techniques, and procedures, as well as corresponding IED security and resiliency measures. The TRIPwire website gives users access to: • A PDF version of this guide for download, printing, or onscreen review; • A searchable, interactive online version of this guide for easy navigation; • A searchable catalog of available C-IED assistance resources across the Federal Government, including links; and Figure 2: TRIPwire website homepage • Rich C-IED information, training products, and tools. Source: DHS OBP i Counter-IED Concepts, Common Goals, and Available Assistance Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of DHS or the FBI. Additionally, neither DHS or the FBI nor any of their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability for accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, product, or process included in this publication. Users of information from this publication assume all liabilities arising from its use. ii Counter-IED Concepts, Common Goals, and Available Assistance Table of Contents Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................................i Companion Website ......................................................................................................................i Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Audience and Format ................................................................................................................... 2 Counter-IED Fundamentals ........................................................................................................... 3 Definitions ................................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 2: Risks Posed by IED Incidents .............................................................................................. 5 IED Incidents in the United States ................................................................................................. 6 IED Characteristics ....................................................................................................................... 8 Typical Event Timeline ................................................................................................................. 9 Potential Consequences ............................................................................................................. 10 Additional Sources of Risk Information ....................................................................................... 11 Chapter 3: Common Security and Resiliency Concepts and Goals for IED Incidents ............................. 12 C-IED Goals ................................................................................................................................ 12 Disrupting IED Incidents ............................................................................................................. 13 Goal 1: Use and share risk information to guide IED-related physical security, law enforcement, and emergency response activities ............................................................................................. 15 Goal 2: Identify and report IED-related suspicious activity ........................................................... 16 Goal 3: Prevent the acquisition of explosives and explosive precursor chemicals used in IEDs ...... 19 Goal 4: Implement site-specific protective measures to prevent and minimize the impact of IED incidents .................................................................................................................................... 23 Goal 5: Utilize IED screening and detection methods in high-risk environments ........................... 25 Goal 6: Take immediate safety precautions for bomb threats, suspicious items, and IEDs ............ 29 Goal 7: Safely coordinate response activities at IED incident sites ............................................... 33 Goal 8: Request Public Safety Bomb Squad assets to diagnose suspicious items and render-safe IEDs ........................................................................................................................................... 36 iii Counter-IED Concepts, Common Goals, and Available Assistance Goal 9: Provide IED-specific emergency medical response ........................................................... 37 Goal 10: Reduce the psychological and economic impacts of IED incidents .................................. 39 Chapter 4: Planning Considerations for IED Incidents ........................................................................ 41 Planning Considerations ............................................................................................................. 41 Steps in the Planning Process ..................................................................................................... 41 Appendix A: Starting Points for Assistance on Countering IEDs .......................................................... 49 Appendix B: Available Assistance for Countering IEDs, by Goal .......................................................... 51 Appendix C: Example Corrective Actions through C-IED Planning ....................................................... 68 Appendix D: Sample IED Annex ........................................................................................................ 71 IED Annex .................................................................................................................................. 71 Appendix E: Counter-IED Planning Checklist ...................................................................................... 75 Endnotes and References ................................................................................................................. 79 iv Counter-IED Concepts, Common Goals, and Available Assistance Chapter 1: Introduction Overview Bombings using IEDs are a common security concern related to terrorism and violence in the United States (U.S.). High- profile domestic and international incidents are frequently in the news. Globally, the use of IEDs has trended upward in frequency and magnitude since 9/11—now accounting for more than 50 percent of all terrorist attacks1—and the threat posed to American interests over the coming decade will likely remain high.2 Terrorists and criminals will continue to use these weapons in a variety of ways, ranging from bomb threats and hoax devices, to mass-casualty attacks and sophisticated operations. In the U.S., the most significant historical bombings caused devastating physical and economic losses within communities and overwhelmed local authorities. Recent incidents targeting mass transit, houses of worship, and public spaces underscore that IED threats can