REPORT REMEDIAL INVESTIGATION TONOLLI CORPORATION SUPERFUND SITE NESQUEHONING, PENNSYLVANIA Project No. 89-599 December 30, 1991 PAUL C. RIZZO ASSOCIATES, INC. 220 Continental Drive - Suite 311 Newark, Delaware 19713 Phone: (302) 454-7902 X Telefax: (302) 454-7926 flR30|l*36 TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 1 of 4 PAGE LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................... viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................... ES-l Remedial Investigation............................................................... ES-l Geology/Hydrogeology.............................................................. ES-3 Nature and Extent of Onsite Materials ............................................ ES-3 Fate and Transport................................................................... ES-5 Ecology................................................................................ ES-6 Risk Assessment...................................................................... ES-7 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ i-l 1.1 PURPOSE OF REPORT.......................................................... 1-1 1.2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE...................................................... 1-1 1.3 SITE BACKGROUND ........................................................... 1-2 1.3.1 Site Decription ........................................................ 1-2 1.3.2 Site Geology and Hydrogeology.................................... 1-4 1.3.3 Site History............................................................ 1-6 1.3.4 Previous Investigations..... 7........................................ 1 -11 1.3.4.1 Soil.......................................................... 1-11 1.3.4.2 Byproducts.................................................1-12 1.3.4.3 Groundwater......:........................................ 1-14 1.3.4.4 Surface Water............................................. 1-15 1.3.4.5 Air Monitoring............................................ 1-16 1.4 REPORT ORGANIZATION ....................................................1-17 2.0 FIELD INVESTIGATION ...............................................................2-1 2.1 SURFACE GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION..................................2-1 2.1.1 Seismic Survey........................................................2-2 2.1.2 EM Survey.............................................................2-2 2.1.3 Resistivity Survey..................................................... 2-2 2.1.4 Metal Detection Survey.............................................. 2-3 2.2 HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION.......................................... 2-4 2.2.1 Drilling and Monitoring Well Installation......................... 2-4 2.2.2 Borehole Geophysics ................................................. 2-6 AR30U37 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) PAGE 2.2.3 Permeability Testing.................................................. 2-7 2.2.4 Water Level Measurements.......................................... 2-8 2.3 MEDIA SAMPLING............................................................. 2-9 2.3.1 XRF Screening of Soils..............................................2-9 2.3.2 Soil Sampling Procedures ..........................................2-10 2.3.3 Landfill................................................................2-12 2.3.4 Byproducts and Sumps..............................................2-12 2.3.5 Surface Water and Sediment.......................................2-13 2.3.6 Groundwater..........................................................2-15 2.3.7 Seeps and Leachate..................................................2-16 2.3.8 Air .....................................................................2-17 2.3.9 Building Inspection and Document Review......................2-17 2.3.10 Health and Safety Procedures......................................2-17 2.3.11 Equipment Decontamination .......................................2-18 2.3.12 Sample Handling/Chain of Custody...........................!...2-19 2.4 SITE ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION..................................2-20 2.5 TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING AND SITE SURVEYING.........................2-20 3.0 PHYSICAL FEATURES OFTHE SITE.................................................3-1 3.1 CLIMATOLOGY................................................................. 3-1 3.2 SURFACEFEATURES.......................................................... 3-1 3.3 SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY. ............................................ 3-3 3.4 SOILS ........................................................................"....3-4 3.5 GEOLOGY....................................................................... 3-4 3.5.1 Regional Geology..................................................... 3-4 3.5.1.1 Stratigraphy................................................. 3-5 3.5.1.2 Structure .................................................... 3-6 3.5.2 Site Geology........................................................... 3-7 3.5.2.1 Stratigraphy................................................. 3-7 3.5.2.2 Structure .................................................... 3-9 3.6 HYDROGEOLOGY..............................................................3-10 3.6.1 Regional Hydrogeology.............................................3-10 3.6.1.1 Direction of Groundwater Movement in Regional Aquifer.....................................................3-11 3.6.1.2 Hydraulic Characteristics of the Regional Aquifer...3-13 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) PAGE 3.6.2 SiteHydrogeology...................................................3-13 3.6.2.1 Direction of Groundwater Movement Beneath Site. .3-14 3.6.2.2 Hydraulic Characteristics of Saturated Overburden Beneath Site ...............................................3-15 3.7 DEMOGRAPHY AND LAND USE... .................................... ......3-16 4.0 NATURE AND EXTENT OF ONSITE CONTAMINATION........................... 4-1 4.1 SOILS ............................................................................ 4-3 4.1.1 Offsite Soils.......... .................................................. 4-3 4. 1. 1. 1 Additional Surface Samples ............................. 4-5 4.1.1.2 Estimation of Power Plant Lead Emissions ........... 4-7 4.1.1.3 Calculation of Site-Specific Background 4.1.2 Onsite Soils........................... ................... .............4-13 4.1.2.1 Surface and Near Surface Soils.........................4-15 4.1.2.2 0.5 to Two Feet. ......................................... .4-16 4.1.2.3 Three Feet .................................................4- 17 4.1.2.4 Five Feet..... ............................................. .4-18 4.1.2.5 Greater Than Five Feet.. .............. ..................4-18 4.1.2.6 Observations...............................................4-18 4.2 SCRAP PiLES..........................~.........................................4-20 4.3 BUILDINGS....................................... .......................... ....4-21 4.4 BYPRODUCTS........................ ........................................ ..4-21 4.4.1 Crushed Battery Casings............................................ 4-21 4.4.2 Drums of Melted Plastic............................ ................4-22 4.4.3 Excavated Soil and Sludge from USEPA Removal Action .... 4-22 4.4.4 Crusher Building Piles............ ................ ..................4-23 4.5 LANDFILL......................................................................4-24 4.6 GROUNDWATER ..............................................................4-27 4.6.1 Total Inorganics. ..................................................... 4-30 4.6.2 Dissolved Inorganics ................................................4-31 4.6.3 Summary 7.............................................................4-34 4.7 SEEPS................... ....................................... .................4-35 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) PAGE 4.8 SURF ACE WATER AND SEDIMENT..................................................4-36 4.8.1 Bear Creek............................................................4-37 4.8.2 Nesquehoning Creek ................................................4-38 4.8.3 Sump Sediments......................................................4-39 4.8.4 Summary..............................................................4-39 4.9 AIR..............................................................................4-40 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND TRANSPORT........................................5-1 5.1 Potential Migration Routes................................................... 5-1 5.2 Persistence... .................................................................. 5-5 5.3 Migration ...................................................................... 5-6 5.3.1 Soils.. ..................................................................5-6 5.3.2 Groundwater...........................................................5-9 5.3.3 Sediment ..............................................................5-14 6.0 SITE ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION......................................... 6-1 6.1 OBJECTIVES...................................................................... 6-1 6.2 METHODOLOGY................................................................. 6-1 6,2.1 Terrestrial and Wetlands Habitat Characterizations.............. 6-2 6.2.2 Terrestrial and Wetland Fauna.....................................